-h- + -tua; the -h- is re-extracted from words ending in *-eh (modern -e < *-ëh).[1]
-htua (front vowel harmony variant -htyä, stem -htu-, linguistic notation -htU- or -htUA)
- Forms translative verbs, often emphasizing the quick nature of the change.
| Inflection of -htua (Kotus type 52*F/sanoa, t-d gradation)
|
| indicative mood
|
| present tense
|
perfect
|
| 1st sing.
|
-hdun
|
en -hdu
|
1st sing.
|
olen -htunut
|
en ole -htunut
|
| 2nd sing.
|
-hdut
|
et -hdu
|
2nd sing.
|
olet -htunut
|
et ole -htunut
|
| 3rd sing.
|
-htuu
|
ei -hdu
|
3rd sing.
|
on -htunut
|
ei ole -htunut
|
| 1st plur.
|
-hdumme
|
emme -hdu
|
1st plur.
|
olemme -htuneet
|
emme ole -htuneet
|
| 2nd plur.
|
-hdutte
|
ette -hdu
|
2nd plur.
|
olette -htuneet
|
ette ole -htuneet
|
| 3rd plur.
|
-htuvat
|
eivät -hdu
|
3rd plur.
|
ovat -htuneet
|
eivät ole -htuneet
|
| passive
|
-hdutaan
|
ei -hduta
|
passive
|
on -hduttu
|
ei ole -hduttu
|
| past tense
|
pluperfect
|
| 1st sing.
|
-hduin
|
en -htunut
|
1st sing.
|
olin -htunut
|
en ollut -htunut
|
| 2nd sing.
|
-hduit
|
et -htunut
|
2nd sing.
|
olit -htunut
|
et ollut -htunut
|
| 3rd sing.
|
-htui
|
ei -htunut
|
3rd sing.
|
oli -htunut
|
ei ollut -htunut
|
| 1st plur.
|
-hduimme
|
emme -htuneet
|
1st plur.
|
olimme -htuneet
|
emme olleet -htuneet
|
| 2nd plur.
|
-hduitte
|
ette -htuneet
|
2nd plur.
|
olitte -htuneet
|
ette olleet -htuneet
|
| 3rd plur.
|
-htuivat
|
eivät -htuneet
|
3rd plur.
|
olivat -htuneet
|
eivät olleet -htuneet
|
| passive
|
-hduttiin
|
ei -hduttu
|
passive
|
oli -hduttu
|
ei ollut -hduttu
|
| conditional mood
|
| present
|
perfect
|
| 1st sing.
|
-htuisin
|
en -htuisi
|
1st sing.
|
olisin -htunut
|
en olisi -htunut
|
| 2nd sing.
|
-htuisit
|
et -htuisi
|
2nd sing.
|
olisit -htunut
|
et olisi -htunut
|
| 3rd sing.
|
-htuisi
|
ei -htuisi
|
3rd sing.
|
olisi -htunut
|
ei olisi -htunut
|
| 1st plur.
|
-htuisimme
|
emme -htuisi
|
1st plur.
|
olisimme -htuneet
|
emme olisi -htuneet
|
| 2nd plur.
|
-htuisitte
|
ette -htuisi
|
2nd plur.
|
olisitte -htuneet
|
ette olisi -htuneet
|
| 3rd plur.
|
-htuisivat
|
eivät -htuisi
|
3rd plur.
|
olisivat -htuneet
|
eivät olisi -htuneet
|
| passive
|
-hduttaisiin
|
ei -hduttaisi
|
passive
|
olisi -hduttu
|
ei olisi -hduttu
|
| imperative mood
|
| present
|
perfect
|
| 1st sing.
|
—
|
—
|
1st sing.
|
—
|
—
|
| 2nd sing.
|
-hdu
|
älä -hdu
|
2nd sing.
|
—
|
—
|
| 3rd sing.
|
-htukoon
|
älköön -htuko
|
3rd sing.
|
olkoon -htunut
|
älköön olko -htunut
|
| 1st plur.
|
-htukaamme
|
älkäämme -htuko
|
1st plur.
|
—
|
—
|
| 2nd plur.
|
-htukaa
|
älkää -htuko
|
2nd plur.
|
—
|
—
|
| 3rd plur.
|
-htukoot
|
älkööt -htuko
|
3rd plur.
|
olkoot -htuneet
|
älkööt olko -htuneet
|
| passive
|
-hduttakoon
|
älköön -hduttako
|
passive
|
olkoon -hduttu
|
älköön olko -hduttu
|
| potential mood
|
| present
|
perfect
|
| 1st sing.
|
-htunen
|
en -htune
|
1st sing.
|
lienen -htunut
|
en liene -htunut
|
| 2nd sing.
|
-htunet
|
et -htune
|
2nd sing.
|
lienet -htunut
|
et liene -htunut
|
| 3rd sing.
|
-htunee
|
ei -htune
|
3rd sing.
|
lienee -htunut
|
ei liene -htunut
|
| 1st plur.
|
-htunemme
|
emme -htune
|
1st plur.
|
lienemme -htuneet
|
emme liene -htuneet
|
| 2nd plur.
|
-htunette
|
ette -htune
|
2nd plur.
|
lienette -htuneet
|
ette liene -htuneet
|
| 3rd plur.
|
-htunevat
|
eivät -htune
|
3rd plur.
|
lienevät -htuneet
|
eivät liene -htuneet
|
| passive
|
-hduttaneen
|
ei -hduttane
|
passive
|
lienee -hduttu
|
ei liene -hduttu
|
| Nominal forms
|
| infinitives
|
participles
|
|
|
active
|
passive
|
|
active
|
passive
|
| 1st
|
-htua
|
present
|
-htuva
|
-hduttava
|
| long 1st1
|
| Person
|
sing.
|
plur.
|
| 1st
|
-htuakseni
|
-htuaksemme
|
| 2nd
|
-htuaksesi
|
-htuaksenne
|
| 3rd
|
-htuakseen
-htuaksensa
|
|
past
|
-htunut
|
-hduttu
|
| 2nd
|
inessive2
|
-htuessa
|
-hduttaessa
|
agent4
|
-htuma
|
| Person
|
sing.
|
plur.
|
| 1st
|
-htuessani
|
-htuessamme
|
| 2nd
|
-htuessasi
|
-htuessanne
|
| 3rd
|
-htuessaan
-htuessansa
|
|
negative
|
-htumaton
|
| instructive
|
-htuen
|
—
|
1) Used only with a possessive suffix.
2) Usually with a possessive suffix (active only).
3) Some uses of the verbal noun are called the 'fourth infinitive' by certain sources (more details).
4) Usually with a possessive suffix. Not used with intransitive verbs. Distinct from nouns with the -ma suffix and third infinitive forms.
|
| 3rd
|
inessive
|
-htumassa
|
—
|
| elative
|
-htumasta
|
—
|
| illative
|
-htumaan
|
—
|
| adessive
|
-htumalla
|
—
|
| abessive
|
-htumatta
|
—
|
| instructive
|
-htuman
|
-hduttaman
|
| 4th3
|
verbal noun
|
-htuminen
|
| 5th1
|
| Person
|
sing.
|
plur.
|
| 1st
|
-htumaisillani
|
-htumaisillamme
|
| 2nd
|
-htumaisillasi
|
-htumaisillanne
|
| 3rd
|
-htumaisillaan
-htumaisillansa
|
|
- ^ Hakulinen, Lauri. 1941–2000. Suomen kielen rakenne ja kehitys ('The Structure and Development of the Finnish Language'). Helsinki: Otava/Helsingin yliopisto.
