-e
See also: Appendix:Variations of "e"
Contents
CzechEdit
Etymology 1Edit
SuffixEdit
-e
- Used to form adverbs from adjectives.
- jednoduchý (“simple”) + -e → jednoduše (“simply”)
Etymology 2Edit
SuffixEdit
-e
- desinence used to form dative singular and locative singular of some feminine nouns
- desinence used to form genitive singular, nominative plural, accusative plural and vocative plural of some feminine nouns
- desinence used to form vocative singular of some masculine animate nouns
- desinence used to form genitive singular, accusative singular and accusative plural of some masculine animate nouns
- desinence used to form vocative singular and locative singular of some masculine inanimate nouns
- desinence used to form genitive singular, nominative plural, accusative plural and vocative plural of some masculine inanimate nouns
See alsoEdit
DutchEdit
Etymology 1Edit
From various suffixes of the Middle Dutch [Term?] adjective inflection.
SuffixEdit
-e
- Used to create the inflected form of an adjective, which is used after a definite determiner, or before masculine and feminine nouns in general.
Etymology 2Edit
SuffixEdit
-e
- suffix indicating the female form of occupations or inhabitants of countries
Etymology 3Edit
From Middle Dutch -e, from Old Dutch -i, from Proto-Germanic *-į̄.
SuffixEdit
-e f
- (archaic) Used to form abstract nouns from adjectives; the nouns express the quality of the adjective.
SynonymsEdit
Etymology 4Edit
From Middle Dutch -e, the ending of the first and third person singular subjunctive.
SuffixEdit
-e
- (archaic) Used to form the singular subjunctive of a verb.
EsperantoEdit
EtymologyEdit
From the Latin and Italian adverbial suffix -e (as in bene "well"), perhaps reinforced by the Russian adverbial -e found after a palatalized consonant.
SuffixEdit
-e
- -ly; used to form adverbs
- the ending for correlatives of place
Derived termsEdit
EstonianEdit
Etymology 1Edit
From Proto-Finnic *-ek and Proto-Finnic *-eh. Cognate to Finnish -e.
SuffixEdit
-e (genitive -e, partitive -et)
- Derives nouns from verbs.
Etymology 2Edit
SuffixEdit
-e (genitive -eda, partitive -edat)
- Derives adjectives.
DeclensionEdit
Inflection of -e (ÕS type 2/õpik, no gradation)
| singular | plural | |
|---|---|---|
| nominative | -e | -edad |
| accusative | -eda | -edad |
| genitive | -eda | -edate |
| partitive | -edat | -edaid |
| illative | -edasse | -edatesse -edaisse |
| inessive | -edas | -edates -edais |
| elative | -edast | -edatest -edaist |
| allative | -edale | -edatele -edaile |
| adessive | -edal | -edatel -edail |
| ablative | -edalt | -edatelt -edailt |
| translative | -edaks | -edateks -edaiks |
| terminative | -edani | -edateni |
| essive | -edana | -edatena |
| abessive | -edata | -edateta |
| comitative | -edaga | -edatega |
Derived termsEdit
FinnishEdit
EtymologyEdit
From Proto-Finnic *-ek and Proto-Finnic *-eh.
PronunciationEdit
SuffixEdit
-e
- Used for forming nouns from verbs or adjectives.
DeclensionEdit
| Inflection of -e (Kotus type 48/hame, no gradation) | |||
|---|---|---|---|
| nominative | -e | -eet | |
| genitive | -een | -eiden -eitten |
|
| partitive | -etta | -eita | |
| illative | -eeseen | -eisiin -eihin |
|
| singular | plural | ||
| nominative | -e | -eet | |
| accusative | nom. | -e | -eet |
| gen. | -een | ||
| genitive | -een | -eiden -eitten |
|
| partitive | -etta | -eita | |
| inessive | -eessa | -eissa | |
| elative | -eesta | -eista | |
| illative | -eeseen | -eisiin -eihin |
|
| adessive | -eella | -eilla | |
| ablative | -eelta | -eilta | |
| allative | -eelle | -eille | |
| essive | -eena | -eina | |
| translative | -eeksi | -eiksi | |
| instructive | — | -ein | |
| abessive | -eetta | -eitta | |
| comitative | — | -eineen | |
| Inflection of -e (Kotus type 48/hame, no gradation) | |||
|---|---|---|---|
| nominative | -e | -eet | |
| genitive | -een | -eiden -eitten |
|
| partitive | -että | -eitä | |
| illative | -eeseen | -eisiin -eihin |
|
| singular | plural | ||
| nominative | -e | -eet | |
| accusative | nom. | -e | -eet |
| gen. | -een | ||
| genitive | -een | -eiden -eitten |
|
| partitive | -että | -eitä | |
| inessive | -eessä | -eissä | |
| elative | -eestä | -eistä | |
| illative | -eeseen | -eisiin -eihin |
|
| adessive | -eellä | -eillä | |
| ablative | -eeltä | -eiltä | |
| allative | -eelle | -eille | |
| essive | -eenä | -einä | |
| translative | -eeksi | -eiksi | |
| instructive | — | -ein | |
| abessive | -eettä | -eittä | |
| comitative | — | -eineen | |
Derived termsEdit
See alsoEdit
FrenchEdit
GermanEdit
PronunciationEdit
Etymology 1Edit
From Middle High German -e, from Old High German -ī, from Proto-Germanic *-į̄.
SuffixEdit
-e
- (now chiefly unproductive) used to form nouns from adjectives, sometimes with umlaut of the root vowel; the nouns express the quality of the adjective
Etymology 2Edit
From Middle High German -e, a merger of various Old High German vocalic endings.
SuffixEdit
-e
- used to form the plural of some nouns; in masculines and feminines, but not in neuters, usually triggering umlaut of the root vowel
- (chiefly dated) used to form the dative of strong masculine and neuter nouns ending in a stressed syllable
- used to form various declined adjective forms, notably the nominative/accusative feminine singular
- used to form the 1st person singular present indicative (and subjunctive) of a verb
- used to form the 3rd person singular present subjunctive of a verb
- gehen → er gehe
- used to form the 1st and 3rd person singular past subjunctive of a verb
Etymology 3Edit
SuffixEdit
-e
- (colloquial) contraction of du after 2nd person singular forms of a verb
HungarianEdit
PronunciationEdit
Etymology 1Edit
- From e (“this”).
- From Proto-Finno-Ugric *-ë (interrogative particle).
Alternative formsEdit
- -é (rare)
SuffixEdit
-e
- whether, if
-
Nem tudom, voltál-e már Budapesten. ― I don't know if you've ever been in Budapest.
-
- Suffix for tag (yes/no) questions.
- 1857, János Arany, A walesi bárdok (The Bards of Wales)
-
Van-e ott folyó és földje jó? ― Is there a river and is its land good?
-
Legelőin fű kövér ― Are the grasses rich on its meadows?
-
-
Használt-e a megöntözés: ― Was the watering useful (i.e. to the meadows):
-
A pártos honfivér? ― The rebel's blood?
-
-
- 1857, János Arany, A walesi bárdok (The Bards of Wales)
Usage notesEdit
Always written with a hyphen. Used in tag (yes/no) questions, but not all such questions use -e: in most cases a question is indicated only by emphasis and question mark. Always attached to the main word (usually the verb) of the predicate of the phrase.
Derived termsEdit
Etymology 2Edit
SuffixEdit
-e
Usage notesEdit
- (possessive suffix) Variants:
DeclensionEdit
| Inflection (stem in long/high vowel, front unrounded harmony) | ||
|---|---|---|
| singular | plural | |
| nominative | -e | — |
| accusative | -ét | — |
| dative | -ének | — |
| instrumental | -ével | — |
| causal-final | -éért | — |
| translative | -évé | — |
| terminative | -éig | — |
| essive-formal | -eként | — |
| essive-modal | -éül | — |
| inessive | -ében | — |
| superessive | -én | — |
| adessive | -énél | — |
| illative | -ébe | — |
| sublative | -ére | — |
| allative | -éhez | — |
| elative | -éből | — |
| delative | -éről | — |
| ablative | -étől | — |
See alsoEdit
IdoEdit
EtymologyEdit
From Esperanto -e, from Latin -ē.
SuffixEdit
-e
- -ly; used to form suffixes
Usage notesEdit
Any adjective can be converted into an adverb by swapping the -a suffix by -e.
IrishEdit
SuffixEdit
-e
- Alternative form of -ne (used after -nn in pronouns)
SuffixEdit
-e f
- Used to form nouns from adjectives
DeclensionEdit
Declension of -e
Fourth declension
|
Bare forms
|
Forms with the definite article
|
Derived termsEdit
SuffixEdit
-e
- Used to form the genitive singular of second-declension nouns
- Used to form the plural of certain nouns
ItalianEdit
SuffixEdit
-e
- Used with a stem to form the third-person present of regular -ere verbs and those -ire verbs that don't take "isco"
JapaneseEdit
LatinEdit
Etymology 1Edit
PronunciationEdit
SuffixEdit
-ē (comparative -ius, superlative -issimē)
- -ly; used to form adverbs from adjectives.
Usage notesEdit
The suffix -ē is usually added to a first/second-declension adjective stem to form an adverb of manner.
- Examples:
SynonymsEdit
Etymology 2Edit
A regularly declined form of -us.
PronunciationEdit
SuffixEdit
-e
See alsoEdit
LatvianEdit
SuffixEdit
-e
- Used to derive feminine nouns from masculine nouns (like English -ess).
- Used to form (feminine) nouns from verb stems (e.g, iestādīt → iestāde, skatīt → skate).
SynonymsEdit
Derived termsEdit
Related termsEdit
Femine suffixes that include -e:
MaquiritariEdit
SuffixEdit
-e
- Adverbalizing suffix for verbs which results in a participle form; it is always accompanied by the prefix t- and an indicator referring to one of the arguments of the verb (w-, n-, or ∅-)
- Marker of circumstantial subordination of movement which indicates the reason for the movement described by the main verb
ReferencesEdit
- Cáceres, Natalia. Grammaire Fonctionelle-Typologique du Ye'kwana.
Middle DutchEdit
EtymologyEdit
From Old Dutch -i, from Proto-Germanic *-į̄.
SuffixEdit
-e f
- Used to form abstract nouns from adjectives, mostly those expressing physical properties.
Usage notesEdit
This suffix originally triggered umlaut of the root vowel. This is seen in some words (kelde, from cout), but not in others (coude).
Derived termsEdit
DescendantsEdit
- Dutch: -e
Old EnglishEdit
EtymologyEdit
From West Germanic *-ā, from Proto-Germanic *-ê, which survives otherwise only in Gothic (and possibly Old Norse).
SuffixEdit
-e
- forming adverbs from adjectives; -ly
Derived termsEdit
Old FrenchEdit
Old IrishEdit
EtymologyEdit
SuffixEdit
-e f
- Forms concrete or abstract nouns from adjectives.
Usage notesEdit
This suffix palatalises the preceding consonant.
InflectionEdit
| Feminine iā-stem | |||
|---|---|---|---|
| Singular | Dual | Plural | |
| Nominative | -eL | -iL | -i |
| Vocative | -eL | -iL | -i |
| Accusative | -iN | -iL | -i |
| Genitive | -e | -eL | -eN |
| Dative | -iL | -ib | -ib |
Initial mutations of a following adjective:
|
|||
Derived termsEdit
RomanianEdit
PronunciationEdit
Etymology 1Edit
From Latin -ae (“first-declension ending”)
SuffixEdit
-e
- (plural) -s (feminine/neuter)
Usage notesEdit
- This form of the plural is indefinite, and used for feminine nouns in the nominative/accusative and genitive/dative cases which end in -ă, and some neuter nouns (with may or may not take plural -uri):
- mame, from mamă, fem.
- vise (also visuri), from vis, neut.
Alternative formsEdit
Etymology 2Edit
From Latin -e (“second-declension vocative ending”)
SuffixEdit
-e
- Vocative singular (masculine/neuter)
Usage notesEdit
- This suffix is absorbed in masculine and neuter definite nouns in -le:
Related termsEdit
Etymology 3Edit
From Latin -ere, the ending of the present active infinitive form of third conjugation verbs. Cognate with Spanish -er, Italian -ere, etc.
SuffixEdit
-e
- A suffix forming infinitives of many verbs.
Related termsEdit
See alsoEdit
Serbo-CroatianEdit
Etymology 1Edit
From Proto-Slavic *-ę.
SuffixEdit
-e (Cyrillic spelling -е)
- Suffix appended to words to create a neuter noun, usually denoting a young animal, plant, place name or is used as a collective noun.
DeclensionEdit
Nouns denoting inanimate objects
Nouns denoting animate objects
Derived termsEdit
Etymology 2Edit
SuffixEdit
-e (Cyrillic spelling -е)
- Suffix appended to the truncated stem (up to the second syllable) of a proper name to create a masculine or feminine hypocoristic.
Etymology 3Edit
From Proto-Slavic *-e, from Proto-Indo-European *-e, not a desinence per se but a thematic vowel in e-grade.
SuffixEdit
-e (Cyrillic spelling -е)
- Suffix appended to the nominal stem to create vocative singular. Used for masculine and neuter a-stems.
- vȗk — vȗče (vocative singular)
See alsoEdit
SwedishEdit
SuffixEdit
-e
- Conjugates verbs into the subjunctive mood (archaic except for the past subjunctive of vara: vore)
- Marker of definiteness on past participles ending in -ad
- Marker of plural on past participles ending in -ad
- Marker of definiteness on superlatives ending in -ast
- Marker of definiteness on adjectives describing nouns with masculine semantic gender (sex)
TurkishEdit
TzotzilEdit
CliticEdit
-e
- Phrase-final clitic used when an article precedes at least one word.
ReferencesEdit
- Aissen, Judith (1987) Tzotzil Clause Structure, p. 3. Dordrecht: D. Reidel. ISBN 9027723656