-e
EnglishEdit
EtymologyEdit
From archaic forms ending in e.
PronunciationEdit
Silent.
SuffixEdit
-e
- Used for archaizing.
- 1993, Wisconsin Annual Events, page 38:
- YE OLDE ENGLISHE CHRISTMASSE FEASTE: Nine course authentic Renaissance festival banquet.
- 1996, Orwant, Jon, Perl 5 Interactive Course, →ISBN, page 679:
- Ye Olde Webbe page / Whither thou goest, there thou be.
- 1999 June 14, Tina Clarke, “Re: How to make LINKS open in new Browser Window?”, in microsoft.public.frontpage.client, Usenet, message-ID <7k1f5j$607$1@news5.svr.pol.co.uk>:
- Go on tell what prob your having at the mo with ye olde computere! You don't get this crusty without one...do u?
- 2002, Balfour, Bruce, The Forge of Mars, Berkeley Publishing Group, →ISBN:
- “Yes. It’s an English pub called Ye Olde Meate Markete. […]”
Usage notesEdit
Usually all words of the noun phrase are suffixed, unless the word already ends in e. Commonly used with ye olde and other archaic terms. The consonant at the end of the word is often doubled if it is preceded by a historically short vowel, according to the rules of English spelling.
Derived termsEdit
See alsoEdit
AfrikaansEdit
EtymologyEdit
PronunciationEdit
SuffixEdit
-e
- The plural ending of many nouns, chiefly used for certain classes of nouns inherited from Dutch.
CzechEdit
Etymology 1Edit
SuffixEdit
-e
- Used to form adverbs from adjectives.
- jednoduchý (“simple”) + -e → jednoduše (“simply”)
Etymology 2Edit
From Proto-Slavic *-ę.
SuffixEdit
-e n
- (rare) Used to form nouns, usually terms for young animals.
Etymology 3Edit
SuffixEdit
-e
- desinence used to form dative singular and locative singular of some feminine nouns
- desinence used to form genitive singular, nominative plural, accusative plural and vocative plural of some feminine nouns
- desinence used to form vocative singular of some masculine animate nouns
- desinence used to form genitive singular, accusative singular and accusative plural of some masculine animate nouns
- desinence used to form vocative singular and locative singular of some masculine inanimate nouns
- desinence used to form genitive singular, nominative plural, accusative plural and vocative plural of some masculine inanimate nouns
See alsoEdit
Further readingEdit
- -e/-ě in Slovník afixů užívaných v češtině, 2017
DanishEdit
SuffixEdit
-e
- Marks the infinitive of many or most verbs, and is usually appended to borrowed verbs.
- Marks the singular/definite of adjectives.
- Marks the plural of some nouns.
DutchEdit
Etymology 1Edit
PronunciationEdit
SuffixEdit
-e
- suffix indicating the female form of occupations or inhabitants of countries
Derived termsEdit
Etymology 2Edit
PronunciationEdit
SuffixEdit
-e
- Placed after a number written in digits, to form its corresponding ordinal number.
Usage notesEdit
The e is sometimes written in superscript, like in French (2e, 8e), but this is discouraged by the Dutch Language Union.[1]
Etymology 3Edit
From various suffixes of the Middle Dutch [Term?] adjective inflection.
PronunciationEdit
SuffixEdit
-e
- Used to create the inflected form of an adjective, which is used after a definite determiner, or before masculine and feminine nouns in general.
Etymology 4Edit
From Middle Dutch -e, from Old Dutch -i, from Proto-Germanic *-į̄.
PronunciationEdit
SuffixEdit
-e f
- (archaic, rare) Used to form abstract nouns from adjectives; the nouns express the quality of the adjective.
Etymology 5Edit
From Middle Dutch -e, the ending of the first and third person singular subjunctive.
PronunciationEdit
SuffixEdit
-e
- (archaic) Used to form the singular subjunctive of a verb.
ReferencesEdit
EsperantoEdit
EtymologyEdit
From the Latin and Italian adverbial suffix -e (as in bene "well"), perhaps reinforced by the Russian adverbial -e found after a palatalized consonant.
PronunciationEdit
Audio (file)
SuffixEdit
-e
- -ly; used to form adverbs
- the ending for correlatives of place
Derived termsEdit
EstonianEdit
Etymology 1Edit
From Proto-Finnic *-ek and Proto-Finnic *-eh. Cognate to Finnish -e.
SuffixEdit
-e (genitive -e, partitive -et)
- Derives nouns from verbs.
Etymology 2Edit
(This etymology is missing or incomplete. Please add to it, or discuss it at the Etymology scriptorium.)
SuffixEdit
-e (genitive -me, partitive -et)
- Derives nouns from verbs.
Etymology 3Edit
(This etymology is missing or incomplete. Please add to it, or discuss it at the Etymology scriptorium.)
SuffixEdit
-e (genitive -eda, partitive -edat)
- Derives adjectives.
DeclensionEdit
| singular | plural | |
|---|---|---|
| nominative | -e | -edad |
| accusative | -eda | -edad |
| genitive | -eda | -edate |
| partitive | -edat | -edaid |
| illative | -edasse | -edatesse -edaisse |
| inessive | -edas | -edates -edais |
| elative | -edast | -edatest -edaist |
| allative | -edale | -edatele -edaile |
| adessive | -edal | -edatel -edail |
| ablative | -edalt | -edatelt -edailt |
| translative | -edaks | -edateks -edaiks |
| terminative | -edani | -edateni |
| essive | -edana | -edatena |
| abessive | -edata | -edateta |
| comitative | -edaga | -edatega |
Derived termsEdit
FinnishEdit
EtymologyEdit
Conflated:
- Proto-Finnic *-ek, from Proto-Uralic *-ek
- Proto-Finnic *-eh, from Pre-Proto-Finnic *-(e)š;[1] cognate with Proto-Samic *-ës
PronunciationEdit
SuffixEdit
-e
- Used for forming nouns from verbs or adjectives.
DeclensionEdit
| Inflection of -e (Kotus type 48/hame, no gradation) | |||
|---|---|---|---|
| nominative | -e | -eet | |
| genitive | -een | -eiden -eitten | |
| partitive | -etta | -eita | |
| illative | -eeseen | -eisiin -eihin | |
| singular | plural | ||
| nominative | -e | -eet | |
| accusative | nom. | -e | -eet |
| gen. | -een | ||
| genitive | -een | -eiden -eitten | |
| partitive | -etta | -eita | |
| inessive | -eessa | -eissa | |
| elative | -eesta | -eista | |
| illative | -eeseen | -eisiin -eihin | |
| adessive | -eella | -eilla | |
| ablative | -eelta | -eilta | |
| allative | -eelle | -eille | |
| essive | -eena | -eina | |
| translative | -eeksi | -eiksi | |
| instructive | — | -ein | |
| abessive | -eetta | -eitta | |
| comitative | — | -eineen | |
| Possessive forms of -e (type hame) | ||
|---|---|---|
| possessor | singular | plural |
| 1st person | -eeni | -eemme |
| 2nd person | -eesi | -eenne |
| 3rd person | -eensa | |
| Inflection of -e (Kotus type 48/hame, no gradation) | |||
|---|---|---|---|
| nominative | -e | -eet | |
| genitive | -een | -eiden -eitten | |
| partitive | -että | -eitä | |
| illative | -eeseen | -eisiin -eihin | |
| singular | plural | ||
| nominative | -e | -eet | |
| accusative | nom. | -e | -eet |
| gen. | -een | ||
| genitive | -een | -eiden -eitten | |
| partitive | -että | -eitä | |
| inessive | -eessä | -eissä | |
| elative | -eestä | -eistä | |
| illative | -eeseen | -eisiin -eihin | |
| adessive | -eellä | -eillä | |
| ablative | -eeltä | -eiltä | |
| allative | -eelle | -eille | |
| essive | -eenä | -einä | |
| translative | -eeksi | -eiksi | |
| instructive | — | -ein | |
| abessive | -eettä | -eittä | |
| comitative | — | -eineen | |
| Possessive forms of -e (type hame) | ||
|---|---|---|
| possessor | singular | plural |
| 1st person | -eeni | -eemme |
| 2nd person | -eesi | -eenne |
| 3rd person | -eensä | |
Derived termsEdit
See alsoEdit
ReferencesEdit
- ^ Hakulinen, Lauri. 1941–2000. Suomen kielen rakenne ja kehitys ('The Structure and Development of the Finnish Language'). Helsinki: Otava/Helsingin yliopisto.
FrenchEdit
Etymology 1Edit
PronunciationEdit
- Silent; causes previous silent consonant to become pronounced
SuffixEdit
-e f
Etymology 2Edit
SuffixEdit
-e
GaroEdit
SuffixEdit
-e
- forms the perfect participle of a verb
- Skul re·e anga nengbea
- After going to school I was tired
GermanEdit
PronunciationEdit
Etymology 1Edit
From Middle High German -e, from Old High German -ī, from Proto-Germanic *-į̄.
SuffixEdit
-e
- (now chiefly unproductive) used to form nouns from adjectives, sometimes with umlaut of the root vowel; the nouns express the quality of the adjective
Etymology 2Edit
From Middle High German -e, a merger of various Old High German vocalic endings.
SuffixEdit
-e
- used to form the plural of some nouns; in masculines and feminines, but not in neuters, usually triggering umlaut of the root vowel
- (chiefly dated) used to form the dative of strong masculine and neuter nouns ending in a stressed syllable
- used to form various declined adjective forms, notably the nominative/accusative feminine singular
- used to form the 1st person singular present indicative (and subjunctive) of a verb
- used to form the 3rd person singular present subjunctive of a verb
- gehen → er gehe
- used to form the 1st and 3rd person singular past subjunctive of a verb
Etymology 3Edit
SuffixEdit
-e
- (colloquial) contraction of du after 2nd person singular forms of a verb
HungarianEdit
PronunciationEdit
Etymology 1Edit
SuffixEdit
-e
- (possessive suffix) his, her, its, -'s, of (third-person singular, single possession)
- (possessive suffix, after a plural possessor) -s', of…-s (third-person plural, single possession)
- élet (“life”) → a szüleim élete (“my parents’ lives” [literally, “my parents’ life”, as each is assumed to have one life])
- élet (“life”) → a könyvek élete (“[the] lives of [the] books” [literally, “the books’ life”, as each is assumed to have one life])
- (with time expressions, referring to a point in time) ago
- (with time expressions, referring to a duration of time preceding the point of time in question) for
- Két éve várunk rád. ― We have been waiting for you for two years.
Usage notesEdit
- (possessive suffix) Variants:
- -a is added to back-vowel words ending in a consonant
- -e is added to front-vowel words ending in a consonant
- -ja is added to back-vowel words ending in a consonant or a vowel. Final -a changes to -á-; final -o changes to -ó-.
- -je is added to front-vowel words ending in a consonant or a vowel. Final -e changes to -é-; final -ö changes to -ő-.
- This suffix (in all forms) is normally used for the third-person singular possessive (single possession) but, after an explicit plural possessor, it also expresses the third-person plural possessive (single possession), e.g. “the children's ball” (a gyerekek labdája). If the possessor is implicit (not named, only marked by a suffix), the plural possessive suffix must be used, e.g. “their ball” (a labdájuk, see -juk and its variants).
DeclensionEdit
| Inflection (stem in long/high vowel, front unrounded harmony) | ||
|---|---|---|
| singular | plural | |
| nominative | -e | — |
| accusative | -ét | — |
| dative | -ének | — |
| instrumental | -ével | — |
| causal-final | -éért | — |
| translative | -évé | — |
| terminative | -éig | — |
| essive-formal | -eként | — |
| essive-modal | -éül | — |
| inessive | -ében | — |
| superessive | -én | — |
| adessive | -énél | — |
| illative | -ébe | — |
| sublative | -ére | — |
| allative | -éhez | — |
| elative | -éből | — |
| delative | -éről | — |
| ablative | -étől | — |
| non-attributive possessive - singular |
-éé | — |
| non-attributive possessive - plural |
-ééi | — |
See alsoEdit
Etymology 2Edit
- From e (“this”).
- From Proto-Finno-Ugric *-ë (interrogative particle).
Alternative formsEdit
- -é (rare, mostly dialectal)
ParticleEdit
-e (clitic)
- whether, if
- Nem tudom, [hogy] voltál-e már Budapesten. ― I don't know if you've ever been in Budapest.
- (folksy) Suffix for yes/no tag questions. Always optional since word order and intonation make the question clear.
- Látod-e már a mezőket? ― Can you see the fields yet?
- 1857, János Arany, A walesi bárdok (The Bards of Wales), translated by Watson Kirkconnell[1]
- Van-e ott folyó és földje jó? / Legelőin fű kövér? / Használt-e a megöntözés: / A pártos honfivér?
- Are stream and mountain fair to see? / Are meadow grasses good? / Do corn-lands bear a crop more rare / Since wash’d with rebel’s blood?
- (Note: From a grammatical point of view, the Hungarian text could also include -e at “…földje jó-e?” and “…fű kövér-e?” or alternatively, all instances of -e could be removed without changing the meaning.)
- Are stream and mountain fair to see? / Are meadow grasses good? / Do corn-lands bear a crop more rare / Since wash’d with rebel’s blood?
- Van-e ott folyó és földje jó? / Legelőin fű kövér? / Használt-e a megöntözés: / A pártos honfivér?
Usage notesEdit
Always written with a hyphen. Used in tag (yes/no) questions, but not all such questions use -e: in most cases a question is indicated only by emphasis and question mark. Always attached to the main word (usually the verb) of the predicate of the phrase.
Derived termsEdit
Etymology 3Edit
SuffixEdit
-e
- (personal suffix, archaic) Used to form the third-person singular indicative past indefinite, for front-vowel verbs. The back-vowel version is -a. The suffix currently used in this place is -t, -tt, -ett or -ött. For the full paradigm, see the usage template.
Etymology 4Edit
See at -a.
SuffixEdit
-e
- (obsolete participle suffix) Synonym of -ő (present-participle suffix) The back-vowel version is -a. Sometimes it also occurs as -é or -i.
Derived termsEdit
Further readingEdit
- (whether, if): -e in Bárczi, Géza and László Országh. A magyar nyelv értelmező szótára (’The Explanatory Dictionary of the Hungarian Language’). Budapest: Akadémiai Kiadó, 1959–1962. Fifth ed., 1992: →ISBN
- (whether, if): -e in Ittzés, Nóra (ed.). A magyar nyelv nagyszótára (’A Comprehensive Dictionary of the Hungarian Language’). Budapest: Akadémiai Kiadó, 2006–2031 (work in progress; published A–ez as of 2022)
IdoEdit
EtymologyEdit
Borrowed from Esperanto -e, from Latin -ē.
PronunciationEdit
SuffixEdit
-e
- -ly; used to form adverbs
Usage notesEdit
Any adjective can be converted into an adverb by swapping the -a suffix by -e.
IngrianEdit
EtymologyEdit
Conflated:
- From Proto-Finnic *-ek.
- From Proto-Finnic *-eh.
Cognates include Finnish -e and Estonian -e.
PronunciationEdit
- (Ala-Laukaa, Soikkola) IPA(key): /-e/
- (Hevaha, Ylä-Laukaa) IPA(key): /-eh/ (phonemic spelling: -eh)
SuffixEdit
-e
DeclensionEdit
(back-vocalic)
| Declension of -e (type 6/lähe, no gradation) | ||
|---|---|---|
| singular | plural | |
| nominative | -e | -eet |
| genitive | -een | -ein |
| partitive | -etta | -eita |
| illative | -eesse | -eisse |
| inessive | -ees | -eis |
| elative | -eest | -eist |
| allative | -eelle | -eille |
| adessive | -eel | -eil |
| ablative | -eelt | -eilt |
| translative | -eeks | -eiks |
| essive | -eenna, -een | -einna, -ein |
| exessive1) | -eent | -eint |
| 1) obsolete *) the accusative corresponds with either the genitive (sg) or nominative (pl) **) the comitative is formed by adding the suffix -ka? or -kä? to the genitive. | ||
(front-vocalic)
| Declension of -e (type 6/lähe, no gradation) | ||
|---|---|---|
| singular | plural | |
| nominative | -e | -eet |
| genitive | -een | -ein |
| partitive | -että | -eitä |
| illative | -eesse | -eisse |
| inessive | -ees | -eis |
| elative | -eest | -eist |
| allative | -eelle | -eille |
| adessive | -eel | -eil |
| ablative | -eelt | -eilt |
| translative | -eeks | -eiks |
| essive | -eennä, -een | -einnä, -ein |
| exessive1) | -eent | -eint |
| 1) obsolete *) the accusative corresponds with either the genitive (sg) or nominative (pl) **) the comitative is formed by adding the suffix -ka? or -kä? to the genitive. | ||
Derived termsEdit
IrishEdit
SuffixEdit
-e
- Alternative form of -ne (used after -nn in pronouns)
SuffixEdit
-e f
- Used to form nouns from adjectives
DeclensionEdit
|
Bare forms
|
Forms with the definite article
|
Derived termsEdit
SuffixEdit
-e
- Used to form the genitive singular of second-declension nouns
- Used to form the plural of certain nouns
ItalianEdit
SuffixEdit
-e
- used with a stem to form the third-person present of regular -ere verbs and those -ire verbs that don't take "isco"
JapaneseEdit
RomanizationEdit
-e
LatinEdit
Etymology 1Edit
Compare with Proto-Germanic *-ê. (This etymology is missing or incomplete. Please add to it, or discuss it at the Etymology scriptorium.)
PronunciationEdit
SuffixEdit
-ē (comparative -ius, superlative -issimē)
Usage notesEdit
The suffix -ē is usually added to a first/second-declension adjective stem to form an adverb of manner.
- Examples:
Etymology 2Edit
A regularly declined form of -us.
PronunciationEdit
SuffixEdit
-e
See alsoEdit
LatvianEdit
SuffixEdit
-e
- Used to derive feminine nouns from masculine nouns (like English -ess).
- Used to form (feminine) nouns from verb stems.
SynonymsEdit
Derived termsEdit
Related termsEdit
Lower SorbianEdit
EtymologyEdit
From Proto-Slavic *-ę.
SuffixEdit
-e n
MaquiritariEdit
Alternative formsEdit
PronunciationEdit
SuffixEdit
-e
- Forms adverbs with a participle-like meaning from verbs; must be accompanied by the prefix t- and an indicator specifying the role of the verb argument to which the participle refers (intransitive argument w-, transitive agent n-, or transitive patient ∅-).
- Forms adverbs from verbs, expressing the destination of the movement described by a main motion verb or copula to which the derived term becomes subordinate.
Usage notesEdit
This suffix can trigger syllable reduction on the preceding syllable. The suffix takes the form -ke when the preceding syllable is reducible and has an onset of k, -ye when the preceding syllable ends in i, -e when it ends in u or ü or a reduced syllable, and -∅ (a null suffix) after other vowels (a, e, o, ö).
It is unclear if t- -e is best analyzed as an adverbializing circumfix or as a separate unspecified person prefix t- and adverbializing suffix -e.
The derivation expressing destination of motion also takes prefixes.
ReferencesEdit
- Cáceres, Natalia (2011), “-e”, in Grammaire Fonctionnelle-Typologique du Ye’kwana, Lyon, page 151–152, 154
Middle DutchEdit
EtymologyEdit
From Old Dutch -i, from Proto-Germanic *-į̄.
SuffixEdit
-e f
- Used to form abstract nouns from adjectives, mostly those expressing physical properties.
Usage notesEdit
This suffix originally triggered umlaut of the root vowel. This is seen in some words (kelde, from cout), but not in others (coude).
Derived termsEdit
DescendantsEdit
- Dutch: -e
Middle EnglishEdit
Etymology 1Edit
From a variety of Old English adjectival inflectional suffixes.
PronunciationEdit
SuffixEdit
-e
- Forms the weak singular and plural of adjectives.
Derived termsEdit
ReferencesEdit
- “-e, suf.(3).”, in MED Online, Ann Arbor, Mich.: University of Michigan, 2007.
Etymology 2Edit
From Old French -e, -ee, from Latin -ātus, -āta. Compare -at, -te, -ite.
PronunciationEdit
SuffixEdit
-e (no longer productive)
- Forms nouns denoting an office or function.
- Forms pseudo-participial nouns from verbs or other nouns:
Derived termsEdit
DescendantsEdit
Etymology 3Edit
From Old English -a.
PronunciationEdit
SuffixEdit
-e (no longer productive)
- Forms agent nouns from verbal or nominal stems.
Derived termsEdit
ReferencesEdit
- “-e, suf.(1).”, in MED Online, Ann Arbor, Mich.: University of Michigan, 2007, retrieved 2018-06-24.
Etymology 4Edit
SuffixEdit
-e
- Alternative form of -y
Etymology 5Edit
SuffixEdit
-e
- Alternative form of -yf
Etymology 6Edit
SuffixEdit
-e
- Alternative form of -ie
Murui HuitotoEdit
PronunciationEdit
ClassifierEdit
-e
- Classifier with no specific meaning.
Derived termsEdit
ReferencesEdit
- Katarzyna Izabela Wojtylak (2017) A grammar of Murui (Bue): a Witotoan language of Northwest Amazonia.[2], Townsville: James Cook University press (PhD thesis), page 195
NamuyiEdit
PronunciationEdit
SuffixEdit
-e
- Used to give the ingressive aspect to verbs
Derived termsEdit
OjibweEdit
FinalEdit
-e
- an incorporating final
Derived termsEdit
ReferencesEdit
- The Ojibwe People's Dictionary https://ojibwe.lib.umn.edu/word-part/e-final-1287
Old EnglishEdit
PronunciationEdit
Etymology 1Edit
From West Germanic *-ā, from Proto-Germanic *-ê, which survives otherwise only in Gothic (and possibly Old Norse).
SuffixEdit
-e
- forming adverbs from adjectives; -ly
Derived termsEdit
Etymology 2Edit
From Proto-West Germanic *-ī. Beyond that, generally from Proto-Germanic *-ijaz. Note though that -wintre is from Proto-Germanic *-wintruz, since Proto-Germanic u-stem adjectives became ja-stems in West Germanic. Other suffixes derived from u-stem nouns, such as -flēre, might also have been zero derivations in Proto-Germanic.
SuffixEdit
-e
- forms adjectival suffixes from nouns, often with the meaning "having" (typically causes i-umlaut)
- ān (“one”) + willa (“will”) + -e → ānwille (“stubborn”)
- fela (“many”) + word (“word”) + -e → felawyrde (“long-winded”)
- fīf (“five”) + flōr (“floor”) + -e → fīfflēre (“five-story”)
- fiþer- (“four”) + sċēat (“corner”) + -e → fiþersċīete (“square”)
- forþ (“forward”) + gang (“going”) + -e → forþgenġe (“progressive”)
- īdel (“empty”) + hand (“hand”) + -e → īdelhende (“empty-handed”)
- sīd (“hanging down”) + feax (“hair on the head”) + -e → sīdfiexe (“long-haired”)
- ofer- (“over-”) + ǣt (“eating”) + -e → oferǣte (“gluttonous”)
- or- (“out of”) + blōd (“blood”) + -e → orblēde (“bled out”)
- sċeolh (“crooked”) + ēage (“eye”) + -e → sċeolhīeġe (“crosseyed”)
- twelf (“twelve”) + winter (“year”) + -e → twelfwintre (“twelve years old”)
- twi- (“two”) + eċġ (“edge”) + -e → twieċġe (“double-edged”)
- twi- (“two”) + fōt (“foot”) + -e → twifēte (“bipedal”)
- un- (“un-”) + ċēap (“cost”) + -e → unċīepe (“free”)
Old FrenchEdit
EtymologyEdit
SuffixEdit
-e
- used to form feminine forms of nouns and adjectives
DescendantsEdit
Old IrishEdit
EtymologyEdit
From Proto-Celtic *-yā, from Proto-Indo-European *-i-eh₂. Cognate with Ancient Greek -ίᾱ (-íā) and Latin -ia.
SuffixEdit
-e f
- Forms concrete or abstract nouns from adjectives.
Usage notesEdit
This suffix palatalises the preceding consonant.
InflectionEdit
| Feminine iā-stem | |||
|---|---|---|---|
| Singular | Dual | Plural | |
| Nominative | -eL | -iL | -i |
| Vocative | -eL | -iL | -i |
| Accusative | -iN | -iL | -i |
| Genitive | -e | -eL | -eN |
| Dative | -iL | -ib | -ib |
Initial mutations of a following adjective:
| |||
Derived termsEdit
PolishEdit
Alternative formsEdit
PronunciationEdit
SuffixEdit
-e n
- Forms neuter nouns denoting a place, typically from a prepositional phrase
- Forms adverbs from adjectives, causes softening
Derived termsEdit
See alsoEdit
Further readingEdit
- -e in Wielki słownik języka polskiego, Instytut Języka Polskiego PAN
- -e in Polish dictionaries at PWN
PortugueseEdit
EtymologyEdit
A neologistic suffix that replaces -o and -a in nouns and adjectives.
SuffixEdit
-e n (plural -es)
- (gender-neutral, neologism) suffix used to form gender-neutral singular nouns
RomaniEdit
SuffixEdit
-e
- Forms the nominative plural of vocalic oikoclitic masculine nouns
- Forms the nominative plural of vocalic oikoclitic adjectives
- Forms the oblique of oikoclitic adjectives
- Attaches to the perfective stem to form the third-person plural past tense.
Usage notesEdit
Few conservative dialects use -a to form the oblique feminine singular of oikoclitic adjectives.
RomanianEdit
PronunciationEdit
Etymology 1Edit
From Latin -ae (“first-declension ending”)
SuffixEdit
-e
- (plural) -s (feminine/neuter)
Usage notesEdit
- This form of the plural is indefinite, and used for feminine nouns in the nominative/accusative and genitive/dative cases which end in -ă, and some neuter nouns (with may or may not take plural -uri):
- mame, from mamă, fem.
- vise (also visuri), from vis, neut.
Alternative formsEdit
Etymology 2Edit
From Latin -e (“second-declension vocative ending”)
SuffixEdit
-e
- Vocative singular (masculine/neuter)
Usage notesEdit
- This suffix is absorbed in masculine and neuter definite nouns in -le:
Related termsEdit
Etymology 3Edit
From Latin -ere, the ending of the present active infinitive form of third conjugation verbs. Cognate with Spanish -er, Italian -ere, etc.
SuffixEdit
-e
- A suffix forming infinitives of many verbs.
Related termsEdit
See alsoEdit
Saterland FrisianEdit
EtymologyEdit
From Old Frisian -a, from Proto-West Germanic *-ōn. Cognates include West Frisian -e and German -en.
PronunciationEdit
SuffixEdit
-e (type 2 form -je)
- Used to form verbs from nouns and adjectives.
ConjugationEdit
| Grúundfoarme: -e | |||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Infinitive: tou -en | |||||||
| Present tense | Past tense | ||||||
| iek | -e | wie | -e | iek | -de | wie | -den |
| du | -st | jie | -e | du | -dest | jie | -den |
| hie/ju/dät | -t | jo | -e | hie/ju/dät | -de | jo | -den |
| Present participle | Imperative | Auxiliary | Past participle | ||||
| -end | Singular: - | häbe | -d | ||||
| Plural: -et | |||||||
Derived termsEdit
ReferencesEdit
- Horst Haider Munske, editor (2001), “Das Saterfriesische”, in Handbuch des Friesischen [Handbook of Frisian studies], Tübingen: Max Niemeyer Verlag, →ISBN, page 414
Serbo-CroatianEdit
Etymology 1Edit
From Proto-Slavic *-ę.
SuffixEdit
-e (Cyrillic spelling -е)
- Suffix appended to words to create a neuter noun, usually denoting a young animal, plant, place name or is used as a collective noun.
DeclensionEdit
Derived termsEdit
Etymology 2Edit
SuffixEdit
-e (Cyrillic spelling -е)
- Suffix appended to the truncated stem (up to the second syllable) of a proper name to create a masculine or feminine hypocoristic.
Etymology 3Edit
From Proto-Slavic *-e, from Proto-Indo-European *-e, not a desinence per se but a thematic vowel in e-grade.
SuffixEdit
-e (Cyrillic spelling -е)
- Suffix appended to the nominal stem to create vocative singular. Used for masculine and neuter a-stems.
See alsoEdit
SpanishEdit
Etymology 1Edit
From Latin -et, the third-person singular present active indicative ending of second conjugation verbs, and Latin -it, the third-person singular present active indicative ending of third and fourth conjugation verbs.
SuffixEdit
-e
- suffix indicating the third-person singular (also used with usted) present indicative of -er and -ir verbs
Etymology 2Edit
From Latin -em, the first-person singular present active subjunctive ending of first conjugation verbs, and Latin -et, the third-person singular present active subjunctive ending of first conjugation verbs.
SuffixEdit
-e
- suffix indicating the first- and third-person singular present subjunctive of -ar verbs
Etymology 3Edit
From Latin -ē, Latin -e, and Latin -ī, the second-person singular present active imperative endings of second, third, and fourth conjugation verbs, respectively.
SuffixEdit
-e
Etymology 4Edit
Neologistic suffix between -a and -o.
SuffixEdit
-e m or f (plural -es)
- (neologism) suffix used to form gender-neutral singular nouns
Derived termsEdit
- abogade (“lawyer”)
- abuele (“grandparent”)
- alumne (“student”)
- amigue (“friend”)
- argentine (“Argentinian”)
- enemigue (“enemy”)
- extranjere (“foreigner”)
- hermane (“sibling”)
- hije (“offspring”)
- latine (“someone of Latin American descent”)
- médique (“physician”)
- niete (“grandchild”)
- niñe (“child”)
- prime (“cousin”)
- sobrine (“nibling”)
- vecine (“neighbor”)
See alsoEdit
Further readingEdit
- “-e”, in Diccionario de la lengua española, Vigésima tercera edición, Real Academia Española, 2014
SwedishEdit
SuffixEdit
-e
- Conjugates verbs into the subjunctive mood (archaic except for the past subjunctive of vara: vore)
- Marker of definiteness on past participles ending in -ad
- Marker of plural on past participles ending in -ad
- Marker of definiteness on superlatives ending in -ast
- Marker of definiteness on adjectives describing nouns with masculine semantic gender (sex)
- Creates diminutives of given names and certain nouns, -ie, -y
TurkishEdit
Alternative formsEdit
EtymologyEdit
From Proto-Turkic *-ke.
SuffixEdit
-e
- to (puts the word into the dative case)
TzotzilEdit
CliticEdit
-e
- Phrase-final clitic used when an article precedes at least one word.
ReferencesEdit
- Aissen, Judith (1987) Tzotzil Clause Structure, p. 3. Dordrecht: D. Reidel. →ISBN