Wiktionary

Matrona

See also: matrona, matróna, Matroną, and matroną

Latin

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View of the river

Etymology

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From Gaulish Mātronā (Dea Matrona), cognate to Old Welsh Modron, from Proto-Celtic *mātīr (“mother”) +‎ *-onā (individualizing suffix).

Pronunciation

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Proper noun

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Mātrona f sg or m sg (genitive Mātronae); first declension

  1. The river Marne
    • c. 52 BCE, Julius Caesar, Commentarii de Bello Gallico 1.1:
      Gallōs ab Aquītānī Garumna flūmen, ā Belgīs Mātrona et Sēquana dīvidit.
      The river Garonne separates the Gauls from the Aquitanians, the Marne and the Seine from the Belgians.
    • c. 370 CE, Ausonius, Mosella 461–463:
      Nōn tibi sē Liger anteferet, non Axona praeceps,
      Mātrona nōn, Gallīs Belgīsque intersita fīnīs,
      Santonicō refluus non ipse Carantonus aestū.
      Not the Loire will have preference before you, not precipitous Aisne,
      not the Marne, put between the Gaulish and Belgian lands,
      not the Charente himself, driven back by the Santonic tide.
  2. The goddess associated with the river
    • 2nd century AD, altar inscription CIL XIII, 5674:[1]
      Successus Natalis l(ibertus) maceriem caementiciam circa hoc templum de sua pecunia Matronae ex voto suscepto v(otum) s(olvit) l(ibens) m(erito)
      • 2009 translation by Noémie Beck
        Successus, freed from Natalis, had this outer wall in rubble stones built around this temple at his own expense in honour of Matrona, after making a vow, and paid his vow willingly and deservedly

Usage notes

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The gender as a river name is variously given as masculine,[2] feminine,[3] or variable[4] in dictionaries and grammars. Feminine follows the general gender assignment of first declension nouns; masculine follows a general rule that river names in Latin were masculine. Both rules have exceptions. It is feminine in Ausonius.

Declension

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First-declension noun, singular only.

Case Singular
Nominative Mātrona
Genitive Mātronae
Dative Mātronae
Accusative Mātronam
Ablative Mātronā
Vocative Mātrona

Descendants

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  • French: Marne
  • → Old English: Mæterne

References

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  1. ^ Noémie Beck (2015) “The River-Goddess in Celtic Traditions: Mother, Healer and Wisdom Purveyor”, in Mélanges en l’honneur de Pierre-Yves Lambert‎[1]
  2. ^ Kühner's Latin Grammar, translated by J.T. Champlin, 1853, page 13 §16
  3. ^ Gildersleeve's Latin Grammar, by Basil Gildersleeve and Gonzalez Lodge, 1905, page 7
  4. ^ Atkinson's Appendix to His Key to the Latin Language, by John Atkinson, 1822, page 3

Further reading

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  • “Matrona”, in Charlton T. Lewis and Charles Short (1879) A Latin Dictionary, Oxford: Clarendon Press
  • Matrona in Gaffiot, Félix (1934) Dictionnaire illustré latin-français, Hachette.
  • “Matrona”, in William Smith, editor (1854, 1857), A Dictionary of Greek and Roman Geography, volume 1 & 2, London: Walton and Maberly

Polish

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Etymology

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Learned borrowing from Latin Mātrōna.

Pronunciation

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Proper noun

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Matrona f

  1. a female given name from Latin

Declension

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Declension of Matrona
singular plural
nominative Matrona Matrony
genitive Matrony Matron
dative Matronie Matronom
accusative Matronę Matrony
instrumental Matroną Matronami
locative Matronie Matronach
vocative Matrono Matrony
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