Proto-Celtic
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Etymology
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From Proto-Indo-European *dregʰ- (“to hold, fasten”). Cognate with Russian держа́ть (deržátʹ, “to hold”).
*dringeti
- to climb
- to advance
Inflection
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| Thematic present, suffixless preterite
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| Active voice
|
|
|
Present
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Imperfect
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Future
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Preterite
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| 1st singular
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*dringū
|
*dringemam
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*didrixsū
|
*dedroga
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| 2nd singular
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*dringesi
|
*dringetās
|
*didrixsesi
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*dedrogas?
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| 3rd singular
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*dringeti
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*dringeto
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*didrixseti
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*dedroge
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| 1st plural
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*dringomosi
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*dringemo
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*didrixsomosi
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*dedrogmo
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| 2nd plural
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*dringetesi
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*dringestē
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*didrixsetesi
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*dedroxte
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| 3rd plural
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*dringonti
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*dringento
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*didrixsonti
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*dedrogar
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|
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Pres. subjunctive
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Past subjunctive
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Imperative
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| 1st singular
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*drexsū
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?
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—
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| 2nd singular
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*drexsesi
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?
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*dringe
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| 3rd singular
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*drexseti
|
?
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*dringetou
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| 1st plural
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*drexsomosi
|
?
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*dringomos
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| 2nd plural
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*drexsetesi
|
?
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*dringete
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| 3rd plural
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*drexsonti
|
?
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*dringontou
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| Passive voice
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|
|
Present
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Imperfect
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Future
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Preterite
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| 1st singular
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*dringūr
|
—
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*didrixsūr
|
—
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| 2nd singular
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*dringetar
|
—
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*didrixsetar
|
—
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| 3rd singular
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*dringetor
|
?
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*didrixsetor
|
—
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| 1st plural
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*dringommor
|
—
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*didrixsommor
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—
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| 2nd plural
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*dringedwe
|
—
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*didrixsedwe
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—
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| 3rd plural
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*dringontor
|
?
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*didrixsontor
|
—
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|
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Pres. subjunctive
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Past subjunctive
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Imperative
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|
| 1st singular
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*drexsūr
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—
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—
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| 2nd singular
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*drexsetar
|
—
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—
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| 3rd singular
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*drexsetor
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—
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—
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| 1st plural
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*drexsommor
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—
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—
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| 2nd plural
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*drexsedwe
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—
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—
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| 3rd plural
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*drexsontor
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—
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—
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| Declension of the past participle
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| masculine
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singular
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dual
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plural
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| nominative
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*drixtos
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*drixtou
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*drixtoi
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| vocative
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*drixte
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*drixtou
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*drixtoi
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| accusative
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*drixtom
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*drixtou
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*drixtoms
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| genitive
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*drixtī
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*drixtous
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*drixtom
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| dative
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*drixtūi
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*drixtobom
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*drixtobos
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| instrumental
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*drixtū
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*drixtobim
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*drixtobis
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| feminine
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singular
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dual
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plural
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| nominative
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*drixtā
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*drixtai
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*drixtās
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| vocative
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*drixtā
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*drixtai
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*drixtās
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| accusative
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*drixtam
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*drixtai
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*drixtams
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| genitive
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*drixtās
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*drixtous
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*drixtom
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| dative
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*drixtai
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*drixtābom
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*drixtābos
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| instrumental
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*?
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*drixtābim
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*drixtābis
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| neuter
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singular
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dual
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plural
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| nominative
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*drixtom
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*drixtou
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*drixtā
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| vocative
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*drixtom
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*drixtou
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*drixtā
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| accusative
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*drixtom
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*drixtou
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*drixtā
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| genitive
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*drixtī
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*drixtous
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*drixtom
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| dative
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*drixtūi
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*drixtobom
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*drixtobos
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| instrumental
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*drixtū
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*drixtobim
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*drixtobis
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Descendants
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References
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- Corrected and Revised Ranko Matasović’s Etymological Dictionary of Proto-Celtic (Brill, Leiden 2009)
