Reconstruction:Proto-Celtic/kʷennom

This Proto-Celtic entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-Celtic

Etymology

Unknown: “all attempts to identify a PIE root have proven futile”.

Possibly, via *kpwen-nó-m, from a heteroclitic *kápwl̥ ~ *kap-wén-s “head”, from Proto-Indo-European *kap- (“to hold, seize”).

Noun

*kʷennom n

1. head

Declension

Neuter o-stem
	singular	dual	plural
nominative	*kʷennom	*kʷennou	*kʷennā
vocative	*kʷennom	*kʷennou	*kʷennā
accusative	*kʷennom	*kʷennou	*kʷennā
genitive	*kʷennī	*kʷennous	*kʷennom
dative	*kʷennūi	*kʷennobom	*kʷennobos
locative	*kʷennei	*?	*?
instrumental	*kʷennū	*kʷennobim	*kʷennūis

Derived terms

• Proto-Celtic: *Kʷennowindos
  • Old Irish: Cennfinn
    • Irish: Ceannfhionn
  • ⇒ Primitive Irish: ᚊᚓᚅᚑᚃᚓᚅᚇᚐᚌᚅᚔ (qenovendagni)
    • Old Irish: Cennfinnán
  • Proto-Brythonic:
    • Breton: Penven
  • Gaulish: Πεννοουινδος (Pennowindos)
• *Kunokʷennos
  • Gaulish: *Kunopennos
    • Gallo-Latin: Cunopennus
  • Primitive Irish: ᚉᚒᚅᚐ-ᚉᚓᚅᚅᚔ (cuna-cenni) (genitive)

Descendants

• Proto-Brythonic: *penn
  • Cumbric: pen
  • Old Breton: penn, pen
    • Middle Breton: penn, pen
      • Breton: penn
  • Old Cornish: pen
    • Middle Cornish: pen
      • Cornish: penn, pedn
  • Old Welsh: penn
    • Middle Welsh: penn
      • Welsh: pen
• Old Irish: cenn, conn
  • Middle Irish: cenn
    • Irish: ceann
    • Manx: kione
    • Scottish Gaelic: ceann
  • Middle Irish: conn
    • Irish: conn
    • Scottish Gaelic: conn (“sense, reason”)
• Gaulish: pennon