Reconstruction:Proto-Celtic/krokkenom

This Proto-Celtic entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

See also: Reconstruction:Proto-Celtic/krokeno-

Proto-Celtic

Etymology

Unknown, possibly a substrate word due to the irregular phonetic shape.

Noun

*krokkenom n

1. skin

   Synonyms: *kennos, *knissos

Inflection

Neuter o-stem
	singular	dual	plural
nominative	*krokkenom	*krokkenou	*krokkenā
vocative	*krokkenom	*krokkenou	*krokkenā
accusative	*krokkenom	*krokkenou	*krokkenā
genitive	*krokkenī	*krokkenous	*krokkenom
dative	*krokkenūi	*krokkenobom	*krokkenobos
locative	*krokkenei	*?	*?
instrumental	*krokkenū	*krokkenobim	*krokkenūis

Reconstruction notes

• Reconstructing neuter gender hinges entirely on Middle Irish croicni in the nominative plural.
• This word was phonetically unstable across Celtic. Welsh and Old Cornish show a coexisting form *kroknom and Gaulish has replaced the ending with -īnā.
• Fortson contemplates the possibility that *kroknom appearing in Welsh and Old Cornish was the original form and that the -kenn- elsewhere was inserted under the influence of synonymous *kennos.

Descendants

• Proto-Brythonic: *kroxen, *kroɨn
  • Middle Breton: crohenn, crohen, crochen
    • Breton: kroc'hen
  • Old Cornish: croin
    • Middle Cornish: crohen, croen
      • Cornish: kroghen
  • Middle Welsh: croen
    • Welsh: croen
• Old Irish: crocenn
  • Middle Irish: croicenn
    • Irish: craiceann
    • Manx: crackan
    • Scottish Gaelic: craiceann
• Gaulish: *crocīnā
  • → Latin: crocīna (“mastruca-like skin-made garment”)