Reconstruction:Proto-Celtic/skaddos

This Proto-Celtic entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-Celtic

Etymology

Borrowed from an unknown substrate language. Fellow borrowings from the same source include Old English sceadd (modern English shad).^[1]

Noun

*skaddos m

herring

Inflection

Masculine o-stem
	singular	dual	plural
nominative	*skaddos	*skaddou	*skaddoi
vocative	*skadde	*skaddou	*skaddūs
accusative	*skaddom	*skaddou	*skaddoms
genitive	*skaddī	*skaddous	*skaddom
dative	*skaddūi	*skaddobom	*skaddobos
locative	*skaddei	*?	*?
instrumental	*skaddū	*skaddobim	*skaddūis

Reconstruction notes

The choice of masculine gender here is based solely on that of its Germanic cognates; all actual Celtic reflexes contain a masculine diminutive suffix that overrides whatever the base gender of the original word was.

Descendants

Proto-Brythonic:
- ⇒ Middle Welsh: ysgadan
  - Welsh: ysgadan
⇒ Middle Irish: scatán
- Irish: scadán
- Manx: skeddan
- Scottish Gaelic: sgadan

References

^ Stifter, David (2023) “With the Back to the Ocean: The Celtic Maritime Vocabulary”, in Kristian Kristiansen, Guus Kroonen and Eske Willerslev, editors, The Indo-European Puzzle Revisited Integrating Archaeology, Genetics, and Linguistics, Cambridge University Press, page 12

[1] Stifter, David (2023) “With the Back to the Ocean: The Celtic Maritime Vocabulary”, in Kristian Kristiansen, Guus Kroonen and Eske Willerslev, editors, The Indo-European Puzzle Revisited Integrating Archaeology, Genetics, and Linguistics, Cambridge University Press, page 12

[1]