Reconstruction:Proto-Celtic/tudeti
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This Proto-Celtic entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence. |
Proto-Celtic edit
Etymology edit
From Proto-Indo-European *(s)tewd- (“to hit”). The closest cognate is Sanskrit तुदति (tudati, “to strike, hit”).[1]
The preterite stem *kera- is suppletive and comes from Proto-Indo-European *ḱerh₂- (“to break”).[2]
Verb edit
*tudeti
- to fall
Inflection edit
| Thematic present, root aorist | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Active voice | ||||
| Present | Imperfect | Future | Preterite | |
| 1st singular | *tudū | *tudemam | *titutsū | *keram |
| 2nd singular | *tudesi | *tudetās | *titutsesi | *keras |
| 3rd singular | *tudeti | *tudeto | *titutseti | *kerat |
| 1st plural | *tudomosi | *tudemo | *titutsomosi | *kerame |
| 2nd plural | *tudetesi | *tudestē | *titutsetesi | *kerate |
| 3rd plural | *tudonti | *tudento | *titutsonti | *kerant |
| Pres. subjunctive | Past subjunctive | Imperative | ||
| 1st singular | *toutsū | ? | — | |
| 2nd singular | *toutsesi | ? | *tude | |
| 3rd singular | *toutseti | ? | *tudetou | |
| 1st plural | *toutsomosi | ? | *tudomos | |
| 2nd plural | *toutsetesi | ? | *tudete | |
| 3rd plural | *toutsonti | ? | *tudontou | |
| Passive voice | ||||
| Present | Imperfect | Future | Preterite | |
| 1st singular | *tudūr | — | *titutsūr | — |
| 2nd singular | *tudetar | — | *titutsetar | — |
| 3rd singular | *tudetor | ? | *titutsetor | — |
| 1st plural | *tudommor | — | *titutsommor | — |
| 2nd plural | *tudedwe | — | *titutsedwe | — |
| 3rd plural | *tudontor | ? | *titutsontor | — |
| Pres. subjunctive | Past subjunctive | Imperative | ||
| 1st singular | *toutsūr | — | — | |
| 2nd singular | *toutsetar | — | — | |
| 3rd singular | *toutsetor | — | — | |
| 1st plural | *toutsommor | — | — | |
| 2nd plural | *toutsedwe | — | — | |
| 3rd plural | *toutsontor | — | — | |
| Declension of the past participle | |||
|---|---|---|---|
| masculine | singular | dual | plural |
| nominative | *tussos | *tussou | *tussoi |
| vocative | *tusse | *tussou | *tussoi |
| accusative | *tussom | *tussou | *tussoms |
| genitive | *tussī | *tussous | *tussom |
| dative | *tussūi | *tussobom | *tussobos |
| instrumental | *tussū | *tussobim | *tussobis |
| feminine | singular | dual | plural |
| nominative | *tussā | *tussai | *tussās |
| vocative | *tussā | *tussai | *tussās |
| accusative | *tussam | *tussai | *tussams |
| genitive | *tussās | *tussous | *tussom |
| dative | *tussai | *tussābom | *tussābos |
| instrumental | *? | *tussābim | *tussābis |
| neuter | singular | dual | plural |
| nominative | *tussom | *tussou | *tussā |
| vocative | *tussom | *tussou | *tussā |
| accusative | *tussom | *tussou | *tussā |
| genitive | *tussī | *tussous | *tussom |
| dative | *tussūi | *tussobom | *tussobos |
| instrumental | *tussū | *tussobim | *tussobis |
Descendants edit
Related terms edit
References edit
- ^ Matasović, Ranko (2009) “*tud-o-”, in Etymological Dictionary of Proto-Celtic (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 9), Leiden: Brill, →ISBN, page 393
- ^ Matasović, Ranko (2009) “*kerV-”, in Etymological Dictionary of Proto-Celtic (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 9), Leiden: Brill, →ISBN, page 202