Reconstruction:Proto-Celtic/uɸogaisos

This Proto-Celtic entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-Celtic

Etymology

From *uɸo- (“under-”) +‎ *gaisos (“spear”), literally “under-spear”.

Noun

*uɸogaisos m^[1]

some lesser type of spear

Inflection

Masculine o-stem
	singular	dual	plural
nominative	*uɸogaisos	*uɸogaisou	*uɸogaisoi
vocative	*uɸogaise	*uɸogaisou	*uɸogaisūs
accusative	*uɸogaisom	*uɸogaisou	*uɸogaisoms
genitive	*uɸogaisī	*uɸogaisous	*uɸogaisom
dative	*uɸogaisūi	*uɸogaisobom	*uɸogaisobos
locative	*uɸogaisei	*?	*?
instrumental	*uɸogaisū	*uɸogaisobim	*uɸogaisūis

Descendants

Proto-Brythonic: *gwoɣoɨw^[2]
- Old Breton: guugoiou
  - Middle Breton: goa
    - Breton: goaf
- Old Cornish: hoch-wuyu
  - Middle Cornish: gu
    - Cornish: guw
- Middle Welsh: gwaew
  - Welsh: gwayw
Old Irish: fogae
- Middle Irish: foga

References

^ Delamarre, Xavier (2003) “gaiso-”, in Dictionnaire de la langue gauloise: une approche linguistique du vieux-celtique continental [Dictionary of the Gaulish language: A linguistic approach to Old Continental Celtic] (Collection des Hespérides; 9), 2nd edition, Éditions Errance, →ISBN, page 174
^ Schrijver, Peter C. H. (1995) Studies in British Celtic historical phonology (Leiden studies in Indo-European; 5), Amsterdam, Atlanta: Rodopi, page 131

[1] Delamarre, Xavier (2003) “gaiso-”, in Dictionnaire de la langue gauloise: une approche linguistique du vieux-celtique continental [Dictionary of the Gaulish language: A linguistic approach to Old Continental Celtic] (Collection des Hespérides; 9), 2nd edition, Éditions Errance, →ISBN, page 174

[2] Schrijver, Peter C. H. (1995) Studies in British Celtic historical phonology (Leiden studies in Indo-European; 5), Amsterdam, Atlanta: Rodopi, page 131

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