Reconstruction:Proto-Finnic/julkëda

This Proto-Finnic entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-Finnic

Etymology

Unknown. Sometimes compared to Erzya ёлга- (jolga-) in ёлганя (jolgańa, “flexible, slender, slim”).

Adjective

*julkëda

1. bold, brave

Inflection

Inflection of *julkëda

Note: The Proto-Finnic declension system is yet to be reconstructed in detail. What is presented here is only one possibility.
		singular	plural
nominative		*julkëda	*julkëdat
accusative		*julkëdan	*julkëdat
genitive		*julkëdan	*julkëdadën *julkëdëidën
partitive		*julkëdata	*julkëdëita
inessive		*julkëdassa *julkëdahna	*julkëdëissa *julkëdëihna
elative		*julkëdasta	*julkëdëista
illative		*julkëdasën	*julkëdëisën
adessive		*julkëdalla	*julkëdëilla
ablative		*julkëdalta	*julkëdëilta
allative		*julkëdalën *julkëdalëk	*julkëdëilën *julkëdëilëk
essive		*julkëdana	*julkëdëina
translative		*julkëdaksi	*julkëdëiksi
instructive		*julkëdan	*julkëdëin
comitative		*julkëdanëk	*julkëdëinëk
abessive		*julkëdatta	*julkëdëitta

Descendants

• Estonian: julge
• Finnish: julkea
  • → Northern Sami: jolgat
• Ingrian: julkia
• Karelian: julkie
• Livonian: julgi
• Livvi: julgei
• Võro: julgõ
• Votic: julka

Further reading

• “julge”, in [ETY] Eesti etümoloogiasõnaraamat [Estonian Etymological Dictionary] (in Estonian) (online version), Tallinn: Eesti Keele Sihtasutus (Estonian Language Foundation), 2012
• Itkonen, Erkki, Kulonen, Ulla-Maija, editors (1992–2000), “julkea”, in Suomen sanojen alkuperä [The origin of Finnish words]‎^[2] (in Finnish) (online version; note: also includes other etymological sources; this source is labeled "SSA 1992–2000"), Helsinki: Institute for the Languages of Finland/Finnish Literature Society, →ISBN