Reconstruction:Proto-Finnic/kalëda

This Proto-Finnic entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-Finnic

Etymology

The root borrowed from Proto-Germanic *kalaną (“to be cold, to freeze”) and derived with +‎ *-ëda.

Adjective

*kalëda

1. (of weather) cool, chilly

   Synonym: *kolëda

2. harsh, hard

Inflection

Inflection of *kalëda

Note: The Proto-Finnic declension system is yet to be reconstructed in detail. What is presented here is only one possibility.
		singular	plural
nominative		*kalëda	*kalëdat
accusative		*kalëdan	*kalëdat
genitive		*kalëdan	*kalëdadën *kalëdëidën
partitive		*kalëdata	*kalëdëita
inessive		*kalëdassa *kalëdahna	*kalëdëissa *kalëdëihna
elative		*kalëdasta	*kalëdëista
illative		*kalëdasën	*kalëdëisën
adessive		*kalëdalla	*kalëdëilla
ablative		*kalëdalta	*kalëdëilta
allative		*kalëdalën *kalëdalëk	*kalëdëilën *kalëdëilëk
essive		*kalëdana	*kalëdëina
translative		*kalëdaksi	*kalëdëiksi
instructive		*kalëdan	*kalëdëin
comitative		*kalëdanëk	*kalëdëinëk
abessive		*kalëdatta	*kalëdëitta

Descendants

• Estonian: kale
• Finnish: (dialectal) kalea
• Livvi: kalie
• Võro: kallõ

From *kalë-:

• Finnish: (dialectal) kale
• Ingrian: kale
• Votic: kalõ

Further reading

• “kale”, in [ETY] Eesti etümoloogiasõnaraamat [Estonian Etymological Dictionary] (in Estonian) (online version), Tallinn: Eesti Keele Sihtasutus (Estonian Language Foundation), 2012
• Itkonen, Erkki, Kulonen, Ulla-Maija, editors (1992–2000), “kalea”, in Suomen sanojen alkuperä [The origin of Finnish words]‎^[2] (in Finnish) (online version; note: also includes other etymological sources), Helsinki: Institute for the Languages of Finland/Finnish Literature Society, →ISBN