Reconstruction:Proto-Finnic/kirci

This Proto-Finnic entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-Finnic

Etymology

From earlier *kirti, possibly borrowed from Proto-Baltic [Term?] (compare Lithuanian apskirsti (“to freeze”)).

Noun

*kirci

1. ground frost (frozen top layer of soil caused by cold weather in winter)

   Synonym: *routa

2. thin layer of ice

Inflection

Inflection of *kirci

Note: The Proto-Finnic declension system is yet to be reconstructed in detail. What is presented here is only one possibility.
		singular	plural
nominative		*kirci	*kirdet
accusative		*kirden	*kirdet
genitive		*kirden	*kirteden *kirciden
partitive		*kirtedä	*kircidä
inessive		*kirdessä *kirdehnä	*kircissä *kircihnä
elative		*kirdestä	*kircistä
illative		*kirtehen	*kircihen
adessive		*kirdellä	*kircillä
ablative		*kirdeltä	*kirciltä
allative		*kirtelen *kirtelek	*kircilen *kircilek
essive		*kirtenä	*kircinä
translative		*kirdeksi	*kirciksi
instructive		*kirden	*kircin
comitative		*kirtenek	*kircinek
abessive		*kirdettä	*kircittä

Descendants

• Estonian: kirs
• Finnish: kirsi
  • → Northern Sami: girse
• Ingrian: kersi
  • →? Votic: kirsi
• Karelian: kirsi
• Livonian: kirt
• Livvi: kirzi
• Ludian: kirz

Further reading

• “kirs”, in [ETY] Eesti etümoloogiasõnaraamat [Estonian Etymological Dictionary] (in Estonian) (online version), Tallinn: Eesti Keele Sihtasutus (Estonian Language Foundation), 2012