Reconstruction:Proto-Finnic/lupa

This Proto-Finnic entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-Finnic

Etymology

Borrowed from Proto-Norse [Term?] (whence Old Norse lof (“permission”)), from Proto-Germanic *lubą.

Noun

*lupa

1. permission

Inflection

Inflection of *lupa

Note: The Proto-Finnic declension system is yet to be reconstructed in detail. What is presented here is only one possibility.
		singular	plural
nominative		*lupa	*lubat
accusative		*luban	*lubat
genitive		*luban	*lupadën *lupëidën
partitive		*lupada	*lupëida
inessive		*lubassa *lubahna	*lubëissa *lubëihna
elative		*lubasta	*lubëista
illative		*lupahën	*lupëihën
adessive		*luballa	*lubëilla
ablative		*lubalta	*lubëilta
allative		*lupalën *lupalëk	*lupëilën *lupëilëk
essive		*lupana	*lupëina
translative		*lubaksi	*lubëiksi
instructive		*luban	*lubëin
comitative		*lupanëk	*lupëinëk
abessive		*lubatta	*lubëitta

Derived terms

• *lubat'ak

Descendants

• Estonian: luba
  • → Livonian: lubā
• Finnish: lupa
• Ingrian: lupa
• Karelian:
  • North Karelian: lupa
  • South Karelian: luba
• Livvi: luba
• Võro: luba
• Votic: lupa
• → Proto-Samic: *lopē (see there for further descendants)

Further reading

• “luba”, in [ETY] Eesti etümoloogiasõnaraamat [Estonian Etymological Dictionary] (in Estonian) (online version), Tallinn: Eesti Keele Sihtasutus (Estonian Language Foundation), 2012