Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/balwaz

This Proto-Germanic entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-Germanic edit

Etymology edit

Unknown. Possibly related to Old Church Slavonic болѣти (bolěti, “to be sick, be in pain”), Cornish bal (“disease”).^[1]

Pronunciation edit

IPA^(key): /ˈbɑl.wɑz/

Adjective edit

*balwaz

Inflection edit

Declension of *balwaz (a-stem)

Strong declension
Case	Masculine		Feminine		Neuter
	Singular	Plural	Singular	Plural	Singular	Plural
Nominative	*balwaz	*balwai	*balwō	*balwôz	*balwą, -atō	*balwō
Accusative	*balwanǭ	*balwanz	*balwǭ	*balwōz	*balwą, -atō	*balwō
Genitive	*balwas, -is	*balwaizǫ̂	*balwaizōz	*balwaizǫ̂	*balwas, -is	*balwaizǫ̂
Dative	*balwammai	*balwaimaz	*balwaizōi	*balwaimaz	*balwammai	*balwaimaz
Instrumental	*balwanō	*balwaimiz	*balwaizō	*balwaimiz	*balwanō	*balwaimiz

Weak declension
Case	Masculine		Feminine		Neuter
	Singular	Plural	Singular	Plural	Singular	Plural
Nominative	*balwô	*balwaniz	*balwǭ	*balwōniz	*balwô	*balwōnō
Accusative	*balwanų	*balwanunz	*balwōnų	*balwōnunz	*balwô	*balwōnō
Genitive	*balwiniz	*balwanǫ̂	*balwōniz	*balwōnǫ̂	*balwiniz	*balwanǫ̂
Dative	*balwini	*balwammaz	*balwōni	*balwōmaz	*balwini	*balwammaz
Instrumental	*balwinē	*balwammiz	*balwōnē	*balwōmiz	*balwinē	*balwammiz

Derived terms edit

*balwōną

Related terms edit

*balwą

Descendants edit

Proto-West Germanic: *balu
- Old English: bealu, bealuful, bealodǣd (< *balwadēdiz)
  - Scots: balefull, bailfull
  - English: baleful
- Old Frisian: *balu
- Old Saxon: *balu-, baluhugdig (< *balwa-hugd-īgaz), balodād (< *balwadēdiz)
  - Middle Low German: bal-, bale-
    - Low German: bale-
- ⇒ Old Dutch: *balodāt (< *balwadēdiz)
  - Middle Dutch: *bal(e)dadich, baeldadichede
    - Dutch: baldadig, balorig, balsturig
- Old High German: balotāt (< *balwadēdiz)
  - Middle High German: *bale, *bal (in derivatives: balheit, balrāt, etc.)
Old Norse: *bǫlvíss
- Icelandic: bölvís
Gothic: *𐌱𐌰𐌻𐌿𐍃 (*balus) (in 𐌱𐌰𐌻𐍅𐌰𐍅𐌴𐍃𐌴𐌹 (balwawēsei) (< *balwa-wēs-); 𐌱𐌰𐌻𐍅𐌾𐌰𐌽 (balwjan))

References edit

^ Philippa, Marlies, Debrabandere, Frans, Quak, Arend, Schoonheim, Tanneke, van der Sijs, Nicoline (2003–2009) “baldadig”, in Etymologisch woordenboek van het Nederlands‎^[1] (in Dutch), Amsterdam: Amsterdam University Press

[1] Philippa, Marlies, Debrabandere, Frans, Quak, Arend, Schoonheim, Tanneke, van der Sijs, Nicoline (2003–2009) “baldadig”, in Etymologisch woordenboek van het Nederlands‎^[1] (in Dutch), Amsterdam: Amsterdam University Press

[1]