Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/balwaz

This Proto-Germanic entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-Germanic

Etymology

Unknown. Possibly related to Old Church Slavonic болѣти (bolěti, “to be sick, be in pain”), Cornish bal (“disease”).

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /ˈbɑl.wɑz/

Adjective

*balwaz

1. sick
2. bad, evil, wicked
3. torturous, painful, agonising

Inflection

Declension of *balwaz (a-stem)

Strong declension
Case	Masculine		Feminine		Neuter
	Singular	Plural	Singular	Plural	Singular	Plural
Nominative	*balwaz	*balwai	*balwō	*balwôz	*balwą, -atō	*balwō
Accusative	*balwanǭ	*balwanz	*balwǭ	*balwōz	*balwą, -atō	*balwō
Genitive	*balwas, -is	*balwaizǫ̂	*balwaizōz	*balwaizǫ̂	*balwas, -is	*balwaizǫ̂
Dative	*balwammai	*balwaimaz	*balwaizōi	*balwaimaz	*balwammai	*balwaimaz
Instrumental	*balwanō	*balwaimiz	*balwaizō	*balwaimiz	*balwanō	*balwaimiz
Weak declension
Case	Masculine		Feminine		Neuter
	Singular	Plural	Singular	Plural	Singular	Plural
Nominative	*balwô	*balwaniz	*balwǭ	*balwōniz	*balwô	*balwōnō
Accusative	*balwanų	*balwanunz	*balwōnų	*balwōnunz	*balwô	*balwōnō
Genitive	*balwiniz	*balwanǫ̂	*balwōniz	*balwōnǫ̂	*balwiniz	*balwanǫ̂
Dative	*balwini	*balwammaz	*balwōni	*balwōmaz	*balwini	*balwammaz
Instrumental	*balwinē	*balwammiz	*balwōnē	*balwōmiz	*balwinē	*balwammiz

Derived terms

• *balwōną

Related terms

• *balwą

Descendants

• Proto-West Germanic: *balu
  • Old English: bealu
  • Old Frisian: *bale
    • West Frisian: bal
  • Old Saxon: *balu, *balo
    • Middle Low German: bal
  • Old Dutch: *balo
    • Middle Dutch: bal
• Old Norse: *bǫlvíss
  • Icelandic: bölvís
• Gothic: *𐌱𐌰𐌻𐌿𐍃 (*balus) (in 𐌱𐌰𐌻𐍅𐌰𐍅𐌴𐍃𐌴𐌹 (balwawēsei) (< *balwa-wēs-); 𐌱𐌰𐌻𐍅𐌾𐌰𐌽 (balwjan))