Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/barkuz

This Proto-Germanic entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-Germanic

Etymology

Possibly from Proto-Indo-European *bʰerHǵós (source of Lithuanian béržas, Czech bříza, Ossetian бӕрз (bærz)).

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /ˈbɑr.kuz/

Noun

*barkuz m

1. bark of a tree

   Synonym: *rindǭ

Inflection

u-stemDeclension of *barkuz (u-stem)
	singular	plural
nominative	*barkuz	*barkiwiz
vocative	*barku	*barkiwiz
accusative	*barkų	*barkunz
genitive	*barkauz	*barkiwǫ̂
dative	*barkiwi	*barkumaz
instrumental	*barkū	*barkumiz

Related terms

• *barką
• *berkō
• *birkijǭ
• *burkō

Descendants

• Old Frisian: *bark, *berk
  • Saterland Frisian: Boark
  • West Frisian: berk
• Old Saxon: *barku
  • Middle Low German: barke, borke
    • German Low German: Bark, Borke
      • Plautdietsch: Boakj
    • → German: Borke
    • → Saterland Frisian: Boarke
• Old Dutch: *bark, *berk
  • Middle Dutch: barc, berc
    • Dutch: bark
• Old Norse: bǫrkr
  • Icelandic: börkur
  • Faroese: børkur, bark
  • Norwegian Nynorsk: bork; (dialectal) bork’e, børk
  • Old Swedish: barker
    • Swedish: bark
  • Old Danish: bark
    • Danish: bark
      • Norwegian Bokmål: bark
  • → Old English: barc
    • Middle English: bark, barke
      • English: bark
      • Scots: bark
  • → Kildin Sami: па̄ҏҏк (pār̥r̥k)
• → Proto-Samic: *pārkkō (see there for further descendants)