Wiktionary

bark

See also: Bark

EnglishEdit

 bark on Wikipedia

Alternative formsEdit

PronunciationEdit

Etymology 1Edit

From Middle English barken, berken, borken, from Old English beorcan (“to bark”), from the Proto-Germanic *berkaną (“to bark, rumble”), from Proto-Indo-European *bʰerg- (“to make a noise, growl, bark”), from *bʰer- (“to drone, hum, buzz”). Cognate with Icelandic berkja (“to bark, bluster”), Icelandic barki (“throat, windpipe”), dialectal Lithuanian burgė́ti (“to growl, grumble, grouch, quarrel”), Serbo-Croatian brbljati (“to murmur”). For the noun, compare Old English beorc, bearce (“barking”).

Recorded barks of a dog.
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VerbEdit

bark (third-person singular simple present barks, present participle barking, simple past and past participle barked)

  1. (intransitive) To make a short, loud, explosive noise with the vocal organs (said of animals, especially dogs).
    Synonym: give tongue
    The neighbour's dog is always barking.
    The seal barked as the zookeeper threw fish into its enclosure.
  2. (intransitive) To make a clamor; to make importunate outcries.
    • 1530, Tyndale, A Pathway into the Holy Scripture:
      And therefore they bark, and say the scripture maketh heretics.
    • 1655, Thomas Fuller, James Nichols, editor, The Church History of Britain, […], volume (please specify |volume=I to III), new edition, London: […] [James Nichols] for Thomas Tegg and Son, […], published 1837, →OCLC:
      Where there is the barking of the belly, there no other commands will be heard, much less obeyed.
  3. (transitive) To speak sharply.
    The sergeant barked an order.
    • 1932, Delos W. Lovelace, King Kong, published 1965, page 3:
      Plainly he was prepared to bark out an interminable succession of charges against the Wanderer.
    • 2011 January 5, Mark Ashenden, “Wolverhampton 1 - 0 Chelsea”, in BBC‎[1]:
      While McCarthy prowled the touchline barking orders, his opposite number watched on motionless and expressionless and, with 25 minutes to go, decided to throw on Nicolas Anelka for Kalou.
SynonymsEdit
Derived termsEdit
Terms derived from bark verb
TranslationsEdit
The translations below need to be checked and inserted above into the appropriate translation tables. See instructions at Wiktionary:Entry layout § Translations.
Translations to be checked

NounEdit

bark (plural barks)

  1. The short, loud, explosive sound uttered by a dog, a fox, and some other animals.
  2. (figuratively) An abrupt loud vocal utterance.
    • c. 1921,, The Cambridge History of English and American Literature, volume 11:
      Fox’s clumsy figure, negligently dressed in blue and buff, seemed unprepossessing; only his shaggy eyebrows added to the expression of his face; his voice would rise to a bark in excitement.
Derived termsEdit
TranslationsEdit

Etymology 2Edit

From Middle English bark, from Old English barc (“bark”), from Old Norse bǫrkr (“tree bark”), from Proto-Germanic *barkuz, probably related to *birkijǭ (“birch”), from Proto-Indo-European *bʰergo- (compare Latin frāxinus (“ash”), Lithuanian béržas (“birch”)), from Proto-Indo-European *bʰereg- (“to gleam; white”) (compare English bright); akin to Danish bark, Icelandic börkur, Low German borke and Albanian berk (“bast”).

NounEdit

 
English Wikipedia has an article on:
Wikipedia

bark (countable and uncountable, plural barks)

  2. (countable, uncountable) The exterior covering of the trunk and branches of a tree.
    • 1879, Friedrich August Flückiger & al., Pharmacographia...‎[2], page 346:
      The hardships of bark-collecting in the primeval forests of South America are of the severest kind, and undergone only by the half-civilized Indians and people of mixed race, in the pay of speculators or companies located in the towns. Those who are engaged in the business, especially the collectors themselves, are called Cascarilleros or Cascadores, from the Spanish word Cascara, bark.
    • 2012, John Branch, “Snow Fall : The Avalanche at Tunnel Creek”, in New York Time‎[3]:
      Moving about 70 miles per hour, it crashed through the sturdy old-growth trees, snapping their limbs and shredding bark from their trunks.
  3. (medicine) Peruvian bark or Jesuit's bark, the bark of the cinchona from which quinine is produced.
  5. Hard candy made in flat sheets, for instance out of chocolate, peanut butter, toffee or peppermint.
  7. The crust formed on barbecued meat that has had a rub applied to it.
    • 2009, Julie Reinhardt, She-Smoke: A Backyard Barbecue Book, page 151:
      This softens the meat further, but at some loss of crunch to the bark.
  8. The envelopment or outer covering of anything.
Usage notesEdit

Usually uncountable; bark may be countable when referring to the barks of different types of tree.

SynonymsEdit
  • (exterior covering of a tree): rind
Derived termsEdit
TranslationsEdit
in medicine — see Jesuit's bark

VerbEdit

bark (third-person singular simple present barks, present participle barking, simple past and past participle barked)

  1. To strip the bark from; to peel.
    • 1922, A. M. Chisholm, A Thousand a Plate:
      Along the river freshly felled and barked trees told of the activity of beaver, and in slow current and in eddies the tops of their winter's food supply lay like submerged brush fences projecting above the surface.
  2. To abrade or rub off any outer covering from.
    to bark one’s heel
    • 2019 May 8, Barney Ronay, “Liverpool’s waves of red fury and recklessness end in joyous bedlam”, in The Guardian‎[4]:
      Barcelona had been harried and hurried and stretched thin by the midway point in the second half. Tackles flew in. Toes were crushed, shins barked, ankles hacked.
  3. To girdle.
  4. To cover or inclose with bark, or as with bark.
    bark the roof of a hut
Derived termsEdit
TranslationsEdit
to girdle — see girdle

Etymology 3Edit

From Middle English barke (“boat”), from Middle French barque, from Late Latin barca, from Vulgar Latin barica, from Ancient Greek βάρις (báris, “Egyptian boat”), from Coptic ⲃⲁⲁⲣⲉ (baare, “small boat”), from Demotic br, from Egyptian bꜣjr (“transport ship, type of fish”),

bbAAy
r Z1		 P1

Doublet of barge, barque and baris.

Alternative formsEdit

NounEdit

bark (plural barks)

  1. (obsolete) A small sailing vessel, e.g. a pinnace or a fishing smack; a rowing boat or barge.
  2. (poetic) A sailing vessel or boat of any kind.
  3. (nautical) A vessel, typically with three (or more) masts, with the foremasts (or fore- and mainmasts) square-rigged, and mizzenmast schooner-rigged.
TranslationsEdit

AnagramsEdit

AlbanianEdit

EtymologyEdit

From Proto-Albanian *báruka, from Proto-Indo-European *bʰor-uko-, from *bʰer- (“to carry”). Compare Illyrian *βαρυκα. A doublet of bie, barrë, and barrë.

NounEdit

bark m (indefinite plural barqe, definite singular barku, definite plural barqet)

  1. (anatomy) belly

DeclensionEdit

Declension of bark
indefinite definite
singular plural singular plural
nominative bark barqe barku barqet
accusative bark barqe barkun barqet
dative barku barqeve barkut barqevet
ablative barqesh

Derived termsEdit

DanishEdit

Etymology 1Edit

From Old Norse bǫrkr.

PronunciationEdit

  • IPA(key): /bark/, [b̥ɑːɡ̊]

NounEdit

bark c (singular definite barken, not used in plural form)

  1. bark (covering of the trunk of a tree)
Derived termsEdit

Etymology 2Edit

From Old Norse barki

PronunciationEdit

  • IPA(key): /bark/, [b̥ɑːɡ̊]

NounEdit

bark c (singular definite barken, plural indefinite barker)

  1. bark (large sailing boat)
InflectionEdit
Declension of bark
common
gender 		Singular Plural
indefinite definite indefinite definite
nominative bark barken barker barkerne
genitive barks barkens barkers barkernes

ReferencesEdit

DutchEdit

PronunciationEdit

Etymology 1Edit

(This etymology is missing or incomplete. Please add to it, or discuss it at the Etymology scriptorium.)

NounEdit

bark m (plural barken, diminutive barkje n)

  1. the bark of certain trees, used for its tannin

Etymology 2Edit

From Middle Dutch barke, from Old French barque.

NounEdit

bark f (plural barken, diminutive barkje n)

  1. barge, a large type of rowing or sailing boat
DescendantsEdit
  • → Sranan Tongo: barki

AnagramsEdit

FaroeseEdit

EtymologyEdit

From Danish bark, from Middle French barque, from Late Latin barca, from Vulgar Latin barica, from Ancient Greek βάρις (báris, “Egyptian boat”), from Coptic ⲃⲁⲁⲣⲉ (baare, “small boat”), from Egyptian bꜣjr (“transport ship, type of fish”),

bbAAy
r Z1		 P1

NounEdit

bark f (genitive singular barkar, plural barkir)

  1. (nautical) bark: A three-masted vessel, having her foremast and mainmast square-rigged, and her mizzenmast schooner-rigged.

DeclensionEdit

Declension of bark
f2 singular plural
indefinite definite indefinite definite
nominative bark barkin barkir barkirnar
accusative bark barkina barkir barkirnar
dative bark barkini barkum barkunum
genitive barkar barkarinnar barka barkanna

SynonymsEdit

Middle EnglishEdit

Alternative formsEdit

EtymologyEdit

From Old English bark, from Old Norse bǫrkr, from Proto-Germanic *barkuz.

PronunciationEdit

NounEdit

bark (plural barkes)

  1. bark (a tree's covering, often used in leatherworking or as a pharmaceutical).
  2. The exterior layer of a nut or other fruit.
  3. (rare, Late Middle English, figurative) A shallow look at something.

Derived termsEdit

DescendantsEdit

ReferencesEdit

Norwegian BokmålEdit

 
Norwegian Wikipedia has an article on:
Wikipedia no

Etymology 1Edit

From Old Norse bǫrkr.

NounEdit

bark m (definite singular barken, uncountable)

  1. bark (outer layer of trunks and branches of trees and bushes)
Derived termsEdit

See alsoEdit

Etymology 2Edit

 
Norwegian Wikipedia has an article on:
Wikipedia no

From Late Latin barca, via French barque.

NounEdit

bark m (definite singular barken, indefinite plural barker, definite plural barkene)

  1. (nautical) a barque or bark (type of sailing ship)

ReferencesEdit

Norwegian NynorskEdit

 
Norwegian Nynorsk Wikipedia has an article on:
Wikipedia nn

EtymologyEdit

From Late Latin barca, via French barque.

NounEdit

bark m (definite singular barken, indefinite plural barkar, definite plural barkane)

  1. (nautical) a barque or bark (type of sailing ship)

ReferencesEdit

PolishEdit

 
Polish Wikipedia has an article on:
Wikipedia pl
 
Bark (1.2) bastionu
 
bark (2.1)

PronunciationEdit

Etymology 1Edit

Inherited from Old Polish bark, from Proto-Slavic *bъrkъ.

NounEdit

bark m inan

  1. shoulder (the part of the body between the base of the neck and forearm socket)
    Synonym: ramię
  2. (architecture, historical) the side extension of a fort or fortification
  3. (in the plural) upper back (area including the shoulder blades from one shoulder to the other)
DeclensionEdit
Declension of bark
singular plural
nominative bark barki
genitive barku barków
dative barkowi barkom
accusative bark barki
instrumental barkiem barkami
locative barku barkach
vocative barku barki
Derived termsEdit
adjectives
adverbs
nouns
verbs

Etymology 2Edit

Borrowed from English barque, from Latin barca. Doublet of barka.

NounEdit

bark m inan

  1. (nautical) barque (sailing vessel)
DeclensionEdit
Declension of bark
singular plural
nominative bark barki
genitive barku barków
dative barkowi barkom
accusative bark barki
instrumental barkiem barkami
locative barku barkach
vocative barku barki
Derived termsEdit
adjective

Further readingEdit

SwedishEdit

EtymologyEdit

From Old Norse bǫrkr, from Proto-Germanic *barkuz.

NounEdit

bark c (uncountable)

  1. bark (covering of the trunk of a tree)
    Hyponym: barka
  2. barque (type of ship)
    Synonym: barkskepp

DeclensionEdit

Declension of bark 
Singular Plural
Indefinite Definite Indefinite Definite
Nominative bark barken barkar barkarna
Genitive barks barkens barkars barkarnas

TurkishEdit

EtymologyEdit

From Proto-Turkic *b(i)ark (“home”).

NounEdit

bark (definite accusative barkı, plural barklar)

  1. (idiomatic) home

DeclensionEdit

Inflection
Nominative bark
Definite accusative barkı
Singular Plural
Nominative bark barklar
Definite accusative barkı barkları
Dative barka barklara
Locative barkta barklarda
Ablative barktan barklardan
Genitive barkın barkların
Possessive forms
Nominative
Singular Plural
1st singular barkım barklarım
2nd singular barkın barkların
3rd singular barkı barkları
1st plural barkımız barklarımız
2nd plural barkınız barklarınız
3rd plural barkları barkları
Definite accusative
Singular Plural
1st singular barkımı barklarımı
2nd singular barkını barklarını
3rd singular barkını barklarını
1st plural barkımızı barklarımızı
2nd plural barkınızı barklarınızı
3rd plural barklarını barklarını
Dative
Singular Plural
1st singular barkıma barklarıma
2nd singular barkına barklarına
3rd singular barkına barklarına
1st plural barkımıza barklarımıza
2nd plural barkınıza barklarınıza
3rd plural barklarına barklarına
Locative
Singular Plural
1st singular barkımda barklarımda
2nd singular barkında barklarında
3rd singular barkında barklarında
1st plural barkımızda barklarımızda
2nd plural barkınızda barklarınızda
3rd plural barklarında barklarında
Ablative
Singular Plural
1st singular barkımdan barklarımdan
2nd singular barkından barklarından
3rd singular barkından barklarından
1st plural barkımızdan barklarımızdan
2nd plural barkınızdan barklarınızdan
3rd plural barklarından barklarından
Genitive
Singular Plural
1st singular barkımın barklarımın
2nd singular barkının barklarının
3rd singular barkının barklarının
1st plural barkımızın barklarımızın
2nd plural barkınızın barklarınızın
3rd plural barklarının barklarının

SynonymsEdit

Derived termsEdit

See alsoEdit

Further readingEdit

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