Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/flugjaz

This Proto-Germanic entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-Germanic

Etymology

From *fleuganą, from Proto-Indo-European *plewk- (“to fly”).

Adjective

*flugjaz

1. (of a bird) Having feathers, fledged.

Declension

Declension of *flugjaz (ja-stem)

Strong declension
	singular				plural
	masculine	feminine	neuter		masculine	feminine	neuter
nominative	*flugjaz	*flugjō	*flugją, *-at(ō)		*flugjai	*flugjôz	*flugjō
accusative	*flugjanǭ	*flugjǭ	*flugją, *-at(ō)		*flugjanz	*flugjōz	*flugjō
genitive	*flugjas, *flugis	*flugjaizōz	*flugjas, *flugis		*flugjaizǫ̂	*flugjaizǫ̂	*flugjaizǫ̂
dative	*flugjammai	*flugjaizōi	*flugjammai		*flugjaimaz	*flugjaimaz	*flugjaimaz
instrumental	*flugjanō	*flugjaizō	*flugjanō		*flugjaimiz	*flugjaimiz	*flugjaimiz
Weak declension
	singular				plural
	masculine	feminine	neuter		masculine	feminine	neuter
nominative	*flugjô	*flugjǭ	*flugjô		*flugjaniz	*flugjōniz	*flugjōnō
accusative	*flugjanų	*flugjōnų	*flugjô		*flugjanunz	*flugjōnunz	*flugjōnō
genitive	*fluginiz	*flugjōniz	*fluginiz		*flugjanǫ̂	*flugjōnǫ̂	*flugjanǫ̂
dative	*flugini	*flugjōni	*flugini		*flugjammaz	*flugjōmaz	*flugjammaz
instrumental	*fluginē	*flugjōnē	*fluginē		*flugjammiz	*flugjōmiz	*flugjammiz

Descendants

• Proto-West Germanic: *flugi
  • Old English: *flyċġ, *flyċġe
    • Middle English: flegge, flege, flygge
      • English: fledge
        • ⇒ English: fletch (modified after fletcher)
      • >? Scots: fleg, flegg
      • >? Yola: fletch
  • Old Frisian: *flugge
    • West Frisian: fluch
  • Old Saxon: *fluggi
    • Middle Low German: vlügge
      • Low German: flügg
      • → German: flügge
  • Old Dutch: *fluggi
    • Middle Dutch: vlugge, vlugghe
      • Dutch: vlug
        • Afrikaans: vlug
        • Javindo: flug
        • Petjo: vlug-vlug
      • Limburgish: vlug
  • Old High German: flucki, flucchi
    • Middle High German: vlücke, flücke
      • Alemannic German: flück
      • Central Franconian: flögg

        Moselle Franconian: flegg

      • German: flück
      • Luxembourgish: fléck
      • Rhine Franconian: flick

        Palatine German: flick

        Pennsylvania German: flick

• Old Norse: *flyggr, fleygr (< *flaugijaz)
  • Icelandic: fleygur
  • Norwegian Nynorsk: fløy
  • Swedish: flygg
  • Danish: flyg

References

• Vladimir Orel (2003) “*fluʒjan”, in A Handbook of Germanic Etymology‎^[1], Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 108
• Kroonen, Guus (2013) “*flugi-”, in Etymological Dictionary of Proto-Germanic (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 11)‎^[2], Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 148