Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/hwirbilaz

This Proto-Germanic entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-Germanic

Etymology

From *hwerbaną +‎ *-ilaz.

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /ˈxʷir.βi.lɑz/

Noun

*hwirbilaz m

1. circle, ring, whirl

Inflection

masculine a-stemDeclension of *hwirbilaz (masculine a-stem)
	singular	plural
nominative	*hwirbilaz	*hwirbilōz, *hwirbilōs
vocative	*hwirbil	*hwirbilōz, *hwirbilōs
accusative	*hwirbilą	*hwirbilanz
genitive	*hwirbilas, *hwirbilis	*hwirbilǫ̂
dative	*hwirbilai	*hwirbilamaz
instrumental	*hwirbilō	*hwirbilamiz

Derived terms

• *hwirbilōną

Descendants

• Proto-West Germanic: *hwirbil
  • Old English: hwierfel, hwyrfel (late)
    • Middle English: wherwille, whorlwyl, wherl, whirl (merged with Old Norse hvirfill)
      • English: whirl
      • Scots: whirl
  • Old Frisian: hwarvel
    • Saterland Frisian: Wavel
    • West Frisian: warrel, warle
  • Old Saxon: *hwirvil
    • Middle Low German: wervel
      • German Low German: Warvel
  • Old Dutch: *wirvil
    • Middle Dutch: wervel
      • Dutch: wervel
  • Old High German: wirbil
    • Middle High German: wirbel
      • German: Wirbel
      • Hunsrik: Werrvel
      • Luxembourgish: Wirbel
• Old Norse: hvirfill
  • Icelandic: hvirfill
  • Norwegian Nynorsk: kvervel
  • Swedish: virvel, hvirfvel (pre-1906 spelling)
  • Danish: hvirvel
    • Norwegian Bokmål: virvel
      • → Norwegian Nynorsk: virvel