Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/magaþs

This Proto-Germanic entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-Germanic

Etymology

From pre-Germanic *magʰ-ot-(i-), a feminine derivative of *maguz (“boy”),^[1] but this pair of words is likely of foreign or substrate origin. Compare *brūdiz (“bride”) for the suffix.

Pronunciation

IPA^(key): /ˈmɑ.ɣɑθs/

Noun

*magaþs f^[2]^[3]

maiden, girl
virgin

Inflection

consonant stemDeclension of *magaþs (consonant stem)
	singular	plural
nominative	*magaþs	*magaþiz
vocative	*magaþ	*magaþiz
accusative	*magaþų	*magaþunz
genitive	*magaþiz	*magaþǫ̂
dative	*magaþi	*magaþumaz
instrumental	*magaþē	*magaþumiz

Alternative reconstructions

*magaþiz^[1]

Synonyms

*mawilǭ

Descendants

Proto-West Germanic: *magaþ
- Old English: mæġeþ, mæġþ
  - Middle English: mæið, meið, maið, maȝþ
    - English: maid
    - Scots: maid
- Old Frisian: megith, megeth, mageth
  - Saterland Frisian: Moagd
  - West Frisian: maegd; (> meide, meidzje)
- Old Saxon: magath
  - Middle Low German: māget, mait, meit, meyt
    - German Low German: Maid
- Old Dutch: magith
  - Middle Dutch: māget, meit
    - Dutch: maagd, meid
- Old High German: magad
  - Middle High German: maget, magt, mait
    - German: Magd, Maid
    - Luxembourgish: Mod
    - Yiddish: מויד (moyd), מאַד (mad)
Gothic: 𐌼𐌰𐌲𐌰𐌸𐍃 (magaþs)

References

↑ ^1.0 ^1.1 Kroonen, Guus (2013) “*magaþi-”, in Etymological Dictionary of Proto-Germanic (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 11)‎^[1], Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 346
^ Ringe, Donald (2006) From Proto-Indo-European to Proto-Germanic (A Linguistic History of English; 1)‎^[2], Oxford: Oxford University Press, →ISBN, page 279: “*magaþ-”
^ Ringe, Donald, Taylor, Ann (2014) The Development of Old English (A Linguistic History of English; 2), Oxford: Oxford University Press, →ISBN, page 148: “PGmc, PWGmc *magaþ-”

[EDPG-1] 1.0 ^1.1 Kroonen, Guus (2013) “*magaþi-”, in Etymological Dictionary of Proto-Germanic (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 11)‎^[1], Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 346

[2] Ringe, Donald (2006) From Proto-Indo-European to Proto-Germanic (A Linguistic History of English; 1)‎^[2], Oxford: Oxford University Press, →ISBN, page 279: “*magaþ-”

[3] Ringe, Donald, Taylor, Ann (2014) The Development of Old English (A Linguistic History of English; 2), Oxford: Oxford University Press, →ISBN, page 148: “PGmc, PWGmc *magaþ-”

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