Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/skakulaz

This Proto-Germanic entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-Germanic

Alternative forms

• *skakilaz

Etymology

From *skakaną +‎ *-ulaz.

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /ˈskɑ.ku.lɑz/

Noun

*skakulaz m

1. a link in a chain
2. a fetter

Inflection

masculine a-stemDeclension of *skakulaz (masculine a-stem)
	singular	plural
nominative	*skakulaz	*skakulōz, *skakulōs
vocative	*skakul	*skakulōz, *skakulōs
accusative	*skakulą	*skakulanz
genitive	*skakulas, *skakulis	*skakulǫ̂
dative	*skakulai	*skakulamaz
instrumental	*skakulō	*skakulamiz

Descendants

• Proto-West Germanic: *skakul, *skakil
  • Old English: sċacul, sċeacul, sċeacel; sċecel (< *skakilaz)
    • Middle English: scheakel, schakle, schakylle, schakkyl
      • Scots: schakill, schaikill, scheckell
      • English: shackle
        • → Danish: sjækkel
        • → Norwegian: sjakkel
        • → Swedish: schackel
        • → Marshallese: jakōļ
  • Old Frisian: *skakel
    • Saterland Frisian: Schakel
    • West Frisian: skeakel (possibly from Middle Dutch)
  • Old Saxon: *skakul
    • Middle Low German: schākel
      • German Low German: Schakel
      • → German: Schäckel, Schäkel
  • Old Dutch: *skakul
    • Middle Dutch: scākel, schakel, schaeckel
      • Dutch: schakel
• Old Norse: skǫkull; skekill (< *skakilaz)
  • Icelandic: skökull, skekill, skekkill
  • Norwegian: skakel
  • Swedish: skakel
  • Danish: skagle