Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/unhtwǭ

This Proto-Germanic entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-Germanic

Etymology

From Pre-Germanic *n̥kʷ-tw-, derived from Proto-Indo-European *nókʷts. Compare Sanskrit अक्तु (aktú, “dark, night”).

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /ˈũːx.twɔ̃ː/

Noun

*unhtwǭ f

1. last part of the night

Inflection

ōn-stemDeclension of *unhtwǭ (ōn-stem)
	singular	plural
nominative	*unhtwǭ	*unhtwōniz
vocative	*unhtwǭ	*unhtwōniz
accusative	*unhtwōnų	*unhtwōnunz
genitive	*unhtwōniz	*unhtwōnǫ̂
dative	*unhtwōni	*unhtwōmaz
instrumental	*unhtwōnē	*unhtwōmiz

Related terms

• *nahts

Descendants

• Old English: ūht (< *unhtwaz), ūhta (< *unhtwô)
  • Middle English: *uht (found in compound uhtsang, uhtsong); Middle English: uhhtenn, uȝten, ughten, oughten (< Old English ūhtan, oblique form)
• Old Saxon: ūhta
  • Middle Low German: uchte
    • German Low German: Uchte, Ucht
    • → German: Uchte (“midnight mass”) (regional)
• Old Dutch: *ūhto
  • Middle Dutch: uchte, ochte (various forms are attested, including nuchte through rebracketing, uchten/ochten from the case forms, and rarely uchtent/ochtent from the previous by analogy with avont (“evening”))
    • Dutch: ochtend, (obsolete) nuchtend
      • Afrikaans: oggend
      • Jersey Dutch: óxtent
• Old High German: uohta (irregular); *ūhta
  • Middle High German: uohte, ūhte (both rare)
    • German: Ucht, Aucht (both only in placenames and compounds)
• Old Norse: ótta, óttask
  • Icelandic: ótta, óttast
  • Faroese: óttast
  • Norwegian Nynorsk: otta, ottast
  • Old Swedish: ōtta, ōta
    • Swedish: otte, otta
  • Danish: otte
    • Norwegian Bokmål: otte
• Gothic: 𐌿𐌷𐍄𐍅𐍉 (ūhtwō)

References

• Guus Kroonen (2013) Alexander Lubotsky, editor, Etymological Dictionary of Proto-Germanic (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 11)‎^[1], Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, pages 559-560