Reconstruction:Proto-Indo-European/ǵh₂lōws
Proto-Indo-European
editEtymology
editPossibly from *ǵh₂l- (“to nourish”); compare Greek γάλα (gála, “milk”), Hittite [script needed] (galak-, “to soothe”). According to Mallory and Adams (1997), some forms may be influenced by association with unrelated *gl̥h₁éys (“mouse”). Has sometimes been compared with Proto-Turkic *kẹlin and/or Proto-Uralic *kälew.
Alternative reconstructions
edit- *ǵl̥h₃-wos-
- *ǵl̥h₂óws
Noun
edit*ǵh₂lōws f
- sister-in-law (brother's wife)
Declension
editAthematic, amphikinetic | |||
---|---|---|---|
singular | |||
nominative | *ǵh₂lṓws | ||
genitive | *ǵh₂lowsés | ||
singular | dual | plural | |
nominative | *ǵh₂lṓws | *ǵh₂lṓwsh₁(e) | *ǵh₂lṓwses |
vocative | *ǵh₂lṓws | *ǵh₂lṓwsh₁(e) | *ǵh₂lṓwses |
accusative | *ǵh₂lṓwsm̥ | *ǵh₂lṓwsh₁(e) | *ǵh₂lṓwsm̥s |
genitive | *ǵh₂lowsés | *? | *ǵh₂lowsóHom |
ablative | *ǵh₂lowsés | *? | *ǵh₂lowsmós |
dative | *ǵh₂lowséy | *? | *ǵh₂lowsmós |
locative | *ǵh₂lóws, *ǵh₂lówsi | *? | *ǵh₂lowsú |
instrumental | *ǵh₂lowséh₁ | *? | *ǵh₂lowsmís |
Descendants
edit- Armenian: *cal > *tal (under influence of տայգր (taygr, “brother-in-law”))
- Old Armenian: տալ (tal)
- Proto-Germanic: *klūz
- Proto-Hellenic: *galawos
- Proto-Indo-Iranian: *gr̥Háyš
- Sanskrit: गिरि (giri, “brother's wife”)
- Proto-Italic: *glōs
- Latin: glōs
- Proto-Slavic: *zъly (see there for further descendants)
References
edit- Derksen, Rick (2008) Etymological Dictionary of the Slavic Inherited Lexicon (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 4), Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, →ISSN, page 551
- γάλως in the Diccionario Griego–Español en línea (2006–2024)
- Itkonen, Erkki, Kulonen, Ulla-Maija, editors (1992–2000), Suomen sanojen alkuperä [The origin of Finnish words][1] (in Finnish) (online version; note: also includes other etymological sources; this source is labeled "SSA 1992–2000"), Helsinki: Institute for the Languages of Finland/Finnish Literature Society, →ISBN
- “käli”, in [ETY] Eesti etümoloogiasõnaraamat [Estonian Etymological Dictionary] (in Estonian) (online version), Tallinn: Eesti Keele Sihtasutus (Estonian Language Foundation), 2012
- Mallory, J. P., Adams, D. Q., editors (1997), Encyclopedia of Indo-European culture, London, Chicago: Fitzroy Dearborn Publishers, page 521
- Starostin, Sergei, Dybo, Anna, Mudrak, Oleg (2003) “*gẹlin”, in Etymological dictionary of the Altaic languages (Handbuch der Orientalistik; VIII.8), Leiden, New York, Köln: E.J. Brill
- Vasmer, Max (1964–1973) “золо́вка”, in Oleg Trubachyov, transl., Этимологический словарь русского языка [Etymological Dictionary of the Russian Language] (in Russian), Moscow: Progress