Reconstruction:Proto-Indo-European/bʰeydʰ-

This Proto-Indo-European entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-Indo-European

Root

*bʰeydʰ- (imperfective)^[1]

to compel, force
to trust

Derived terms

Terms derived from the Proto-Indo-European root *bʰeydʰ-‎ (25 c, 0 e)

*bʰéydʰ-e-ti (thematic root present)
*bʰéydʰ-e-tor (deponent)
- Proto-Indo-Iranian: *bʰáydʰatay
  - Proto-Indo-Aryan: *báydʰatay
    - Sanskrit: बाधते (bā́dhate)
*bʰe-bʰóydʰ-e ~ *bʰe-bʰidʰ-ḗr (stative)
*bʰidʰ-tó-s^[2]
*bʰeydʰ-os
- Proto-Hellenic: *peitʰos
  - Ancient Greek: πειθός (peithós, “persuasive, credible, faithful”)^[2] (⇒ Εὐπείθης (Eupeíthēs), εὐπειθής (eupeithḗs, “persuadable”); ἀπειθής (apeithḗs, “unconvinced, disobedient”))
- Proto-Indo-Iranian: *bʰaydʰás
  - Proto-Indo-Aryan: *baydʰás
    - Sanskrit: बाध (bādhá)
- Proto-Italic: *feiðos
  - Old Latin: fīdus (“loyal, faithful, ally”)^[2]
  - Latin: foedus (“treaty, pact, alliance”) (see there for further descendants)
- Proto-Indo-Iranian: *bʰáydʰas
  - Proto-Indo-Aryan: *báydʰas
    - Sanskrit: बाधस् (bā́dhas)
*bʰoydʰ-éh₂ (“pledge”)
*bʰeydʰ-ti-s
- Proto-Albanian: *baitši
  - Albanian: besë
- >? Proto-Celtic: *banssus^[3] (see there for further descendants)
- Proto-Hellenic: *pítstis
  - Ancient Greek: πί̆στῐς (pístis)^[2]
*bʰoydʰ-éye-ti
- Proto-Balto-Slavic: *baideitei
  - Proto-Slavic: *běditi (see there for further descendants)
- Proto-Germanic: *baidijaną (see there for further descendants)

Reconstruction notes

The Sanskrit forms with long ā can be explained as an irregular development of earlier *ay < *ey/*oy.

References

^ Ringe, Donald (2006) From Proto-Indo-European to Proto-Germanic (A Linguistic History of English; 1)‎^[1], Oxford: Oxford University Press, →ISBN
↑ ^2.0 ^2.1 ^2.2 ^2.3 Wodtko, Dagmar S., Irslinger, Britta, Schneider, Carolin (2008) “*bʰei̯dʰ-”, in Nomina im indogermanischen Lexikon [Nouns in the Indo-European Lexicon] (in German), Heidelberg: Universitätsverlag Winter, page 12
^ Trumper, John. "Some Celto‑Albanian isoglosses and their implications." Structuring Variation in Romance Linguistics and Beyond. In honour of Leonardo M. Savoia (2018).

[Ringe_2006-1] Ringe, Donald (2006) From Proto-Indo-European to Proto-Germanic (A Linguistic History of English; 1)‎^[1], Oxford: Oxford University Press, →ISBN

[NIL-2] 2.0 ^2.1 ^2.2 ^2.3 Wodtko, Dagmar S., Irslinger, Britta, Schneider, Carolin (2008) “*bʰei̯dʰ-”, in Nomina im indogermanischen Lexikon [Nouns in the Indo-European Lexicon] (in German), Heidelberg: Universitätsverlag Winter, page 12

[3] Trumper, John. "Some Celto‑Albanian isoglosses and their implications." Structuring Variation in Romance Linguistics and Beyond. In honour of Leonardo M. Savoia (2018).

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