Reconstruction:Proto-Slavic/běditi

This Proto-Slavic entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-Slavic

Etymology

Presumably from *běda (“trouble, calamity”) +‎ *-iti, with some of the meanings possibly from an alternative origin. Trubachev considers a convergence of proper *běditi (“to defeat, to compel”) from *běda and secondary *bisti/*biditi → *běditi (“to persuade, to exhort”) ultimately from Proto-Indo-European *bʰéydʰeti (“to persuade”) (attested in Ancient Greek πείθω (peíthō, “to convice, to pursuade”)).

Considered in the past (by Hirt, Meillet) a borrowing from Gothic 𐌱𐌰𐌹𐌳𐌾𐌰𐌽 (baidjan, “to compel”), but per Vasmer more likely just a cognate.

Verb

*bě̄dìti impf

1. to defeat, to bring calamity
2. to compel, to coerce, to make to oblige

   Synonym: *prinuditi

3. to persuade, to exhort, to talk someone into (in South Slavic) (possibly a separate verb)

   Synonym: *sъvěťati

4. to accuse, to slander, to badmouth (in South Slavic) (possibly a separate verb)

   Synonyms: *klevetiti, *zъlosloviti

Inflection

Conjugation of *běditi, *bědi, *běditь (impf., -i-, s-aorist, accent paradigm b)

Suffix: *-iti
― iterative (*nositi⇐*nesti)
― causative (*pojiti⇐*piti)
― ...

Verbal noun	Infinitive	Supine	L-participle
*běďenьje	*běditi	*běditъ	*bědilъ

	Participles
Tense	Past	Present
Passive	*běďenъ	*bědimъ
Active	*běďь	*bědę

	Aorist			Present
Person	1st	2nd	3rd	1st	2nd	3rd
Singular	*bědixъ	*bědi	*bědi	*běďǫ	*bědiši	*běditь
Dual	*bědixově	*bědista	*bědiste	*bědivě	*bědita	*bědite
Plural	*bědixomъ	*bědiste	*bědišę	*bědimъ	*bědite	*bědętь
	Imperfect			Imperative
Person	1st	2nd	3rd	1st	2nd	3rd
Singular	*běďaaxъ	*běďaaše	*běďaaše	—	*bědi	*bědi
Dual	*běďaaxově	*běďaašeta	*běďaašete	*bědivě	*bědita	—
Plural	*běďaaxomъ	*běďaašete	*běďaaxǫ	*bědimъ	*bědite	—

Notes:
• (*)*bědivъ is a later doublet of the past active participle

Derived terms

• *naběditi pf, *naběděvati/*naběďavati impf (“to defame, to slender, to calumniate”)
• *poběditi pf, *poěďavati impf (“to defeat”)
• *uběditi pf, *uběďavati impf (“to convince, to persuade”)

Descendants

• East Slavic:
  • Russian: беди́ть (bedítʹ)
  • Ukrainian: біди́ти (bidýty, “to cuss”)
• South Slavic:
  • Old Church Slavonic: бѣдити (běditi, “to persuade, to force”)
  • Bulgarian: бедя́ (bedjá, “to accuse, to slander; to persuade, to exhort”)
  • Macedonian: беди (bedi, “to slander”)
  • Serbo-Croatian: bijèditi
• West Slavic:
  • Czech: bíditi, běditi (obsolete)
  • Old Polish: biedzić
    • Polish: biedzić (“to trouble smb or oneself”)
  • Slovak: biediť

Further reading

• Vasmer, Max (1964–1973) “бедить”, in Oleg Trubachyov, transl., Этимологический словарь русского языка [Etymological Dictionary of the Russian Language] (in Russian), Moscow: Progress
• Trubachyov, Oleg, editor (1975), “*běditi”, in Этимологический словарь славянских языков [Etymological dictionary of Slavic languages] (in Russian), numbers 2 (*bez – *bratrъ), Moscow: Nauka, page 56
• Georgiev, Vladimir I., editor (1971), “бедя”, in Български етимологичен речник [Bulgarian Etymological Dictionary] (in Bulgarian), volumes 1 (А – З), Sofia: Bulgarian Academy of Sciences Pubg. House, →ISBN, page 39
• бідити in Горох.ua (Етимологія)