Reconstruction:Proto-Indo-European/kū-

This Proto-Indo-European entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-Indo-European edit

Alternative reconstructions edit

*keuk-^[1]
*kew-^[2]

Root edit

*kū-

to cry out, call, howl

Etymology edit

Possibly onomatopoeic in origin.

Descendants edit

Unsorted formations

Old Armenian: քուք (kʻukʻ, “to groan, moan, wail, sigh”)^[3]
Proto-Balto-Slavic:
- Proto-Baltic:
  - Lithuanian: kaukti (“to howl, yell, roar”)^[4]
Proto-Hellenic:
- Ancient Greek: κωκύω (kōkúō, “to wail, shriek, especially in lament”) (possibly, also possibly onomatopoeic)^[5]
Proto-Germanic: *hūwilōną^[6] (disputed)^[7]
- Proto-West Germanic: *hūwilōn, *hūwulōn, *hūwlōn, *hūlōn
  - Old English: *hūlian
    - Middle English: hulen, houlen, howlen
      - English: howl
      - Scots: howl
  - Old Frisian: *hūlia
    - Saterland Frisian: huulje
  - Old Saxon: *hūwilōn, *hūlōn
    - Middle Low German: hü̂len, hûlen
      - German Low German: hulen
      - → Danish: hyle
      - → Norwegian:
        Norwegian Bokmål: hyle
        Norwegian Nynorsk: hyla
      - → Swedish: hyla
  - Old Dutch: *hūlon
    - Middle Dutch: hulen
      - Dutch: huilen
        Afrikaans: huil
        Negerhollands: hyelen, hyel
      - Limburgish: hule
  - Old High German: hūwilōn, hūlōn; hiuwilōn, hiwilōn
    - Middle High German: hūwelen, hūwlen, hūlen; hiuwelen, hiulen, hielen
      - Alemannic German: hüüwle
      - German: heulen
  - → Old French: uller, ouler
- Old Norse: ýla, úla
  - Icelandic: ýla
  - Faroese: ýla
  - Norwegian Nynorsk: yla, ula
  - Swedish: yla
Proto-Indo-Iranian:
- Proto-Indo-Aryan:
  - Sanskrit: कौति (kauti, “to hum, cry out, vocalize”)
Proto-Indo-Iranian:
- Proto-Indo-Aryan:
  - Sanskrit: शुक (śuka, “parrot”)^[8]
Proto-Tocharian:
- Tocharian B: kauk- (“to call out, entreat”)^[9]

References edit

^ Adams, Douglas Q. (2013) “kauk-”, in A Dictionary of Tocharian B: Revised and Greatly Enlarged (Leiden Studies in Indo-European; 10), Amsterdam, New York: Rodopi, →ISBN, page 223
^ Pokorny, Julius (1959) chapter 1474, in Indogermanisches etymologisches Wörterbuch [Indo-European Etymological Dictionary] (in German), volume 3, Bern, München: Francke Verlag, page 1474
^ Ačaṙean, Hračʻeay (1971–1979) “Proto-Indo-European/kū-”, in Hayerēn armatakan baṙaran [Armenian Etymological Dictionary] (in Armenian), 2nd edition, a reprint of the original 1926–1935 seven-volume edition, Yerevan: University Press
^ Adams, Douglas Q. (2013) “kauk-”, in A Dictionary of Tocharian B: Revised and Greatly Enlarged (Leiden Studies in Indo-European; 10), Amsterdam, New York: Rodopi, →ISBN, page 223
^ Beekes, Robert S. P. (2010) Etymological Dictionary of Greek (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 10), with the assistance of Lucien van Beek, Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN
^ Pokorny, Julius (1959) “535-36”, in Indogermanisches etymologisches Wörterbuch [Indo-European Etymological Dictionary] (in German), volume 2, Bern, München: Francke Verlag, pages 535-36
^ van der Sijs, Nicoline, editor (2010), “huilen”, in Etymologiebank, Meertens Institute
^ Pokorny, Julius (1959) chapter 1474, in Indogermanisches etymologisches Wörterbuch [Indo-European Etymological Dictionary] (in German), volume 3, Bern, München: Francke Verlag, page 1474
^ Adams, Douglas Q. (2013) “kauk-”, in A Dictionary of Tocharian B: Revised and Greatly Enlarged (Leiden Studies in Indo-European; 10), Amsterdam, New York: Rodopi, →ISBN, page 223

[1] Adams, Douglas Q. (2013) “kauk-”, in A Dictionary of Tocharian B: Revised and Greatly Enlarged (Leiden Studies in Indo-European; 10), Amsterdam, New York: Rodopi, →ISBN, page 223

[2] Pokorny, Julius (1959) chapter 1474, in Indogermanisches etymologisches Wörterbuch [Indo-European Etymological Dictionary] (in German), volume 3, Bern, München: Francke Verlag, page 1474

[3] Ačaṙean, Hračʻeay (1971–1979) “Proto-Indo-European/kū-”, in Hayerēn armatakan baṙaran [Armenian Etymological Dictionary] (in Armenian), 2nd edition, a reprint of the original 1926–1935 seven-volume edition, Yerevan: University Press

[4] Adams, Douglas Q. (2013) “kauk-”, in A Dictionary of Tocharian B: Revised and Greatly Enlarged (Leiden Studies in Indo-European; 10), Amsterdam, New York: Rodopi, →ISBN, page 223

[5] Beekes, Robert S. P. (2010) Etymological Dictionary of Greek (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 10), with the assistance of Lucien van Beek, Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN

[6] Pokorny, Julius (1959) “535-36”, in Indogermanisches etymologisches Wörterbuch [Indo-European Etymological Dictionary] (in German), volume 2, Bern, München: Francke Verlag, pages 535-36

[7] van der Sijs, Nicoline, editor (2010), “huilen”, in Etymologiebank, Meertens Institute

[8] Pokorny, Julius (1959) chapter 1474, in Indogermanisches etymologisches Wörterbuch [Indo-European Etymological Dictionary] (in German), volume 3, Bern, München: Francke Verlag, page 1474

[9] Adams, Douglas Q. (2013) “kauk-”, in A Dictionary of Tocharian B: Revised and Greatly Enlarged (Leiden Studies in Indo-European; 10), Amsterdam, New York: Rodopi, →ISBN, page 223

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