Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/hūwilōną

This Proto-Germanic entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-Germanic

Alternative forms

• *hūwulōną, *hūlōną, *hiuwilōną

Etymology

Ultimately of imitative origin. Said by Pokorny to be from Proto-Indo-European *kū-, but others dispute this. Also compare *heufaną (“to lament”), *uwwalǭ (“owl”) and Proto-West Germanic *hūō.

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /ˈxuːwi.lɔː.nɑ̃/

Verb

*hūwilōną

1. to howl; scream

Conjugation

Conjugation of *hūwilōną (weak class 2)

	active voice			passive voice
present tense	indicative	subjunctive	imperative	indicative	subjunctive
1st singular	*hūwilō	*hūwilǭ	—	*hūwilōi	?
2nd singular	*hūwilōsi	*hūwilōs	*hūwilō	*hūwilōsai	*hūwilōsau
3rd singular	*hūwilōþi	*hūwilō	*hūwilōþau	*hūwilōþai	*hūwilōþau
1st dual	*hūwilōs	*hūwilōw	—	—	—
2nd dual	*hūwilōþiz	*hūwilōþiz	*hūwilōþiz	—	—
1st plural	*hūwilōmaz	*hūwilōm	—	*hūwilōnþai	*hūwilōnþau
2nd plural	*hūwilōþ	*hūwilōþ	*hūwilōþ	*hūwilōnþai	*hūwilōnþau
3rd plural	*hūwilōnþi	*hūwilōn	*hūwilōnþau	*hūwilōnþai	*hūwilōnþau
past tense	indicative	subjunctive
1st singular	*hūwilōdǭ	*hūwilōdēdį̄
2nd singular	*hūwilōdēz	*hūwilōdēdīz
3rd singular	*hūwilōdē	*hūwilōdēdī
1st dual	*hūwilōdēdū	*hūwilōdēdīw
2nd dual	*hūwilōdēdudiz	*hūwilōdēdīdiz
1st plural	*hūwilōdēdum	*hūwilōdēdīm
2nd plural	*hūwilōdēdud	*hūwilōdēdīd
3rd plural	*hūwilōdēdun	*hūwilōdēdīn
	present	past
participles	*hūwilōndz	*hūwilōdaz

Descendants

• Proto-West Germanic: *hūilōn, *hūlōn
  • Old English: *hūlian
    • Middle English: howlen, howlyn, hulen
      • English: howl
      • Scots: howl
      • Yola: hol
  • Old Frisian: *hūlia
    • Saterland Frisian: huulje
    • West Frisian: huilje
  • Old Saxon: *hūwilōn, *hūlōn
    • Middle Low German: hü̂len, hûlen
      • German Low German: hulen
      • → Danish: hyle
      • → Norwegian:
        • Norwegian Bokmål: hyle
        • Norwegian Nynorsk: hyla
      • → Swedish: hyla
  • Old Dutch: *hūlon
    • Middle Dutch: hulen
      • Dutch: huilen
        • Afrikaans: huil
        • Negerhollands: hyelen, hyel
      • Limburgish: hule
  • Old High German: hūwilōn, hūlōn; hiuwilōn, hiwilōn
    • Middle High German: hūwelen, hūwlen, hūlen; hiuwelen, hiulen, hielen
      • Alemannic German: hüüwle
      • German: heulen
  • → Old French: uller, ouler
• Old Norse: ýla, úla
  • Icelandic: ýla
  • Faroese: ýla
  • Norwegian Nynorsk: yla, ula
  • Swedish: yla