Reconstruction:Proto-Indo-European/k⁽ʷ⁾sewd-

This Proto-Indo-European entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-Indo-European

Etymology

Possibly from *ksew- (“to scrape”).

Root

*k⁽ʷ⁾sewd-

1. to crush, disperse
2. to disintegrate

Derived terms

• *k⁽ʷ⁾séwd-e-ti
  • Proto-Indo-Iranian: *kšáwdati
    • Proto-Indo-Aryan: *kṣáwdati
      • Sanskrit: क्षोदन्ति (kṣódanti, 3rd pers. pl act.), क्षोदन्ते (kṣódante, 3rd pers. pl. med.)
• *k⁽ʷ⁾su-né-d-ti ~ *k⁽ʷ⁾su-n-d-énti
  • Proto-Indo-Iranian: *kšunátˢti
    • Proto-Indo-Aryan: *kṣunátti
      • Sanskrit: क्षुणत्ति (kṣuṇatti)
• *k⁽ʷ⁾sowd-éye-ti (éye-causative)
  • Proto-Indo-Iranian: *kšawdáyati
    • Proto-Indo-Iranian: *kṣawdáyati
      • Sanskrit: अक्षोदयत् (ákṣodayat, 3rd pers. sg. imperf. act.)
• *k⁽ʷ⁾sowd-ó-s
  • Proto-Balto-Slavic: *ksaudás
    • Proto-Slavic: *xudъ (“small, thin”) (see there for further descendants)
• *k⁽ʷ⁾séwd-os ~ *k⁽ʷ⁾séwd-es-os
  • Proto-Indo-Iranian: *kšáwdas (see there for further descendants)
• *k⁽ʷ⁾sud-ró-s
  • Proto-Indo-Iranian: *kšudrás (“minute, tiny; dispersed”) (see there for further descendants)
• *k⁽ʷ⁾sud-tó-s
  • Proto-Indo-Iranian: *kšutˢtás
    • Proto-Iranian: *xšustáh
      • Avestan: 𐬑𐬱𐬎𐬯𐬙𐬀 (xšusta, “melted”)
• *k⁽ʷ⁾sud-nó-s
  • Proto-Indo-Iranian: *kšudnás
    • Proto-Indo-Aryan: *kṣudnás
      • Sanskrit: क्षुण्ण (kṣuṇṇa)

Unsorted formations

• Middle Persian: [Term?] (/⁠šustan⁠/), [script needed] (šwy /⁠šōy⁠/)
  • Persian: شستن (šostan)