Reconstruction:Proto-Indo-European/keh₂-

This Proto-Indo-European entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-Indo-European

Root

*keh₂-^[1]^[2]

to desire

Derived terms

Terms derived from the Proto-Indo-European root *keh₂- (37 c, 0 e)

*kéh₂-ye-ti (ye-present)^[1]
- Proto-Indo-Iranian: *kaHyati
  - Proto-Indo-Aryan: *kaHyati
    - Sanskrit: कायमान (kā́yamāna, “desiring”, ptc.med.)
  - Proto-Iranian: *kaHyati
    - Avestan: 𐬐𐬀𐬌𐬌𐬁 (kaiiā, “to please”)

*ke-kóh₂-e ~ *ke-kh₂-ḗr (reduplicated stative)^[1]
- Proto-Indo-Iranian: *čakáy
  - Proto-Indo-Aryan: *ćakáy
    - Sanskrit: चके (caké, “to desire, like”)
  - Proto-Iranian: *čakáy
    - Avestan: 𐬗𐬀𐬐𐬎𐬱𐬈 (cakuše, “demanding”, ptc.pf.act.)

*k-né-h₂-ti ~ *k-n̥-h₂-énti (nasal infix)^[3]^[4]
- >? Proto-Indo-Iranian: *kanHti (“to love, take pleasure in”) (see there for further descendants)

*keh₂-ró-s, *kh₂-ró-s^[1]^[5]^[6]
- Proto-Balto-Slavic: *kāˀras
  - Latvian: kārs (“lustful, desirous”)^[7]
    - ⇒ Latvian: kārot, kāruôt (“to desire”)
- Proto-Celtic: *karos (“desired, loved”)
- Proto-Germanic: *hōraz (“adulterer”) (see there for further descendants)
- Proto-Italic: *kāros (“dear”)^[8] (see there for further descendants)

*keh₂-tó-s, *kh₂-tó-s (“desired”)
- Proto-Indo-Iranian: *kaHtás
  - Proto-Iranian: *kaHtáh^[9]
    - Avestan: 𐬐𐬁𐬙𐬀 (kāta, “desired”, ppp.)
    - ⇒? Proto-Iranian: *kaHtakah^[9]^[10]
      - Khotanese: [script needed] (kʾt, “game”)
      - Middle Persian: [script needed] (kʾtk' /⁠kādag⁠/, “game, joke”)
      - Parthian: 𐫀𐫀𐫃𐫀𐫅𐫃 (ʾʾgʾdg /⁠āɣādaɣ⁠/)
      - Sogdian: 𐼸𐼰𐽂𐼰𐼸 (kʾtʾk, “game, play”)
      - → Tajik: кота (kota)
        → Shughni: кота̄ (kōtā)

*kéh₂-wr̥ ~ *kh₂-wéns
- Proto-Balto-Slavic: *kauras
  - Proto-Slavic: *kurъ
    - ⇒? Proto-Slavic: *kury (“whore”) (see there for further descendants)

*kóh₂-mo-s (“desire”)^[1]^[11]^[12]
- Proto-Hellenic: *kṓmos
  - >? Ancient Greek: κῶμος (kômos)
- Proto-Indo-Iranian: *káHmas m (“wish, desire”) (see there for further descendants)

References

↑ ^1.0 ^1.1 ^1.2 ^1.3 ^1.4 Rix, Helmut, editor (2001), “1. *keh₂-”, in Lexikon der indogermanischen Verben [Lexicon of Indo-European Verbs] (in German), 2nd edition, Wiesbaden: Dr. Ludwig Reichert Verlag, →ISBN, page 343
^ Pokorny, Julius (1959) “515”, in Indogermanisches etymologisches Wörterbuch [Indo-European Etymological Dictionary] (in German), volume 2, Bern, München: Francke Verlag, page 515
^ Rix, Helmut, editor (2001), “?*k^(u̯)enH-”, in Lexikon der indogermanischen Verben [Lexicon of Indo-European Verbs] (in German), 2nd edition, Wiesbaden: Dr. Ludwig Reichert Verlag, →ISBN, page 352
^ Cheung, Johnny (2007) “*kanH²”, in Etymological Dictionary of the Iranian Verb (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 2), Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, pages 233-234: “PIE (infixed) nasal stem *ke-n-H₂-”
^ Zair, Nicholas (2012) The reflexes of the Proto-Indo-European laryngeals in Celtic, Leiden: Brill, →ISBN, page 135: “*kh₂-ro-; *keh₂-ro-”
^ De Vaan, Michiel (2008) “cārus”, in Etymological Dictionary of Latin and the other Italic Languages (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 7), Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, pages 95-96: “PIE *keh₂-ro-”
^ Derksen, Rick (2015) “kārs”, in Etymological Dictionary of the Baltic Inherited Lexicon (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 13), Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 538
^ De Vaan, Michiel (2008) “cārus”, in Etymological Dictionary of Latin and the other Italic Languages (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 7), Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, pages 95-96
↑ ^9.0 ^9.1 Edelʹman, D. I. (2011) Etimologičeskij slovarʹ iranskix jazykov [Etymological Dictionary of Iranian Languages] (in Russian), volume IV, Moscow: Vostochnaya Literatura, pages 383–384
^ Cheung, Johnny (2007) “*kaH”, in Etymological Dictionary of the Iranian Verb (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 2), Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 227
^ Cheung, Johnny (2007) “*kaHm”, in Etymological Dictionary of the Iranian Verb (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 2), Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, pages 227-228: “PIE *keH₂-mo-”
^ Lubotsky, Alexander (2011) “kā́ma-”, in The Indo-Aryan Inherited Lexicon (in progress) (Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Project), Leiden University, page 515: “IE form: keh₂-mo-”

[LIV-1] 1.0 ^1.1 ^1.2 ^1.3 ^1.4 Rix, Helmut, editor (2001), “1. *keh₂-”, in Lexikon der indogermanischen Verben [Lexicon of Indo-European Verbs] (in German), 2nd edition, Wiesbaden: Dr. Ludwig Reichert Verlag, →ISBN, page 343

[2] Pokorny, Julius (1959) “515”, in Indogermanisches etymologisches Wörterbuch [Indo-European Etymological Dictionary] (in German), volume 2, Bern, München: Francke Verlag, page 515

[3] Rix, Helmut, editor (2001), “?*k^(u̯)enH-”, in Lexikon der indogermanischen Verben [Lexicon of Indo-European Verbs] (in German), 2nd edition, Wiesbaden: Dr. Ludwig Reichert Verlag, →ISBN, page 352

[4] Cheung, Johnny (2007) “*kanH²”, in Etymological Dictionary of the Iranian Verb (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 2), Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, pages 233-234: “PIE (infixed) nasal stem *ke-n-H₂-”

[5] Zair, Nicholas (2012) The reflexes of the Proto-Indo-European laryngeals in Celtic, Leiden: Brill, →ISBN, page 135: “*kh₂-ro-; *keh₂-ro-”

[6] De Vaan, Michiel (2008) “cārus”, in Etymological Dictionary of Latin and the other Italic Languages (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 7), Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, pages 95-96: “PIE *keh₂-ro-”

[7] Derksen, Rick (2015) “kārs”, in Etymological Dictionary of the Baltic Inherited Lexicon (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 13), Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 538

[8] De Vaan, Michiel (2008) “cārus”, in Etymological Dictionary of Latin and the other Italic Languages (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 7), Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, pages 95-96

[ESIJa-9] 9.0 ^9.1 Edelʹman, D. I. (2011) Etimologičeskij slovarʹ iranskix jazykov [Etymological Dictionary of Iranian Languages] (in Russian), volume IV, Moscow: Vostochnaya Literatura, pages 383–384

[10] Cheung, Johnny (2007) “*kaH”, in Etymological Dictionary of the Iranian Verb (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 2), Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 227

[11] Cheung, Johnny (2007) “*kaHm”, in Etymological Dictionary of the Iranian Verb (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 2), Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, pages 227-228: “PIE *keH₂-mo-”

[12] Lubotsky, Alexander (2011) “kā́ma-”, in The Indo-Aryan Inherited Lexicon (in progress) (Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Project), Leiden University, page 515: “IE form: keh₂-mo-”

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