Reconstruction:Proto-Indo-European/néweh₂ti
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This Proto-Indo-European entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence. |
Proto-Indo-European
editEtymology
editFrom the adjective *néwos (“new”) + *-h₂ti.
Verb
edit*néweh₂ti (imperfective)[1]
- to renew
Inflection
edit| Imperfective, athematic | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 3rd singular | *néweh₂ti | ||||
| 3rd plural | *néweh₂n̥ti | ||||
| Active voice | Present indicative | Past indicative | Imperative | Subjunctive | Optative |
| 1st singular | *néweh₂mi | *néwām | — | *néweh₂oh₂ | *néweh₂yeh₁m̥ |
| 2nd singular | *néweh₂si | *néweh₂s | *néweh₂, *néweh₂dʰi | *néweh₂esi | *néweh₂yeh₁s |
| 3rd singular | *néweh₂ti | *néweh₂t | *néweh₂tu | *néweh₂eti | *néweh₂yeh₁t |
| 1st dual | *néweh₂wos | *néweh₂we | — | *néweh₂owos | *néweh₂ih₁we |
| 2nd dual | *néweh₂tes | *néweh₂tom | *néweh₂tom | *néweh₂etes | *néweh₂ih₁tom |
| 3rd dual | *néweh₂tes | *néweh₂tām | *néweh₂tām | *néweh₂etes | *néweh₂ih₁tām |
| 1st plural | *néweh₂mos | *néweh₂me | — | *néweh₂omos | *néweh₂ih₁me |
| 2nd plural | *néweh₂te | *néweh₂te | *néweh₂te | *néweh₂ete | *néweh₂ih₁te |
| 3rd plural | *néweh₂n̥ti | *néweh₂n̥t | *néweh₂n̥tu | *néweh₂onti | *néweh₂ih₁n̥t |
| Participle | *néweh₂n̥ts | ||||
| Middle voice | Present indicative | Past indicative | Imperative | Subjunctive | Optative |
| 1st singular | *néweh₂h₂er | *néweh₂h₂e | — | *néweh₂oh₂er | *néweh₂ih₁h₂e |
| 2nd singular | *néweh₂th₂er | *néweh₂th₂e | *néweh₂so | *néweh₂eth₂er | *néweh₂ih₁th₂e |
| 3rd singular | *néweh₂tor, *néweh₂or | *néweh₂to, *néweh₂o | *? | *néweh₂etor | *néweh₂ih₁to, *néweh₂ih₁o |
| 1st dual | *néweh₂wosdʰh₂ | *néweh₂wedʰh₂ | — | *néweh₂owosdʰh₂ | *néweh₂ih₁wedʰh₂ |
| 2nd dual | *? | *? | *? | *? | *? |
| 3rd dual | *? | *? | *? | *? | *? |
| 1st plural | *néweh₂mosdʰh₂ | *néweh₂medʰh₂ | — | *néweh₂omosdʰh₂ | *néweh₂ih₁medʰh₂ |
| 2nd plural | *néweh₂dʰh₂we | *néweh₂dʰh₂we | *néweh₂dʰh₂we | *néweh₂edʰh₂we | *néweh₂ih₁dʰh₂we |
| 3rd plural | *néweh₂n̥tor, *néweh₂ror | *néweh₂n̥to, *néweh₂ro | *? | *néweh₂ontor | *néweh₂ih₁ro |
| Participle | *néweh₂m̥h₁nos | ||||
Descendants
edit- Proto-Anatolian:
- Hittite: 𒉈𒂊𒌋𒉿𒄴𒄩𒀭𒍣 (ne-e-u-wa-aḫ-ḫa-an-zi /nēwaḫḫ-/, “renew”)
- Proto-Hellenic: *newaō
- Ancient Greek: νεάω (neáō)
- Proto-Italic: *nowāō
- Latin: novō
References
edit- ^ Ringe, Donald (2006) From Proto-Indo-European to Proto-Germanic (A Linguistic History of English; 1)[1], Oxford: Oxford University Press, →ISBN