Reconstruction:Proto-Indo-European/swenh₂-

This Proto-Indo-European entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-Indo-European

Root

*swenh₂-^[1]^[2]^[3]^[4]^[5]^[6]^[7]

to sound

Derived terms

Terms derived from the Proto-Indo-European root *swenh₂- (9 c, 0 e)

*swḗnh₂-s-t ~ swénh₂-s-n̥t (s-aorist)^[6]
- Proto-Indo-Iranian:
  - Proto-Indo-Aryan:
    - Sanskrit: स्वानीत् (svānīt)
*swénh₂-ti ~ swn̥h₂-énti (athematic root present)^[6]
- Proto-Italic: *swenō
  - Latin: sonō (“to sound”)
*swonh₂-éye-ti (iterative)^[6]
- Proto-Celtic: *swonnīti (geminate -nn- taken from the nasal present)
  - Proto-Brythonic:
    - Old Welsh:
      - Middle Welsh: honni (“to announce”)
        Welsh: honni
- Proto-Indo-Iranian:
  - Proto-Indo-Aryan:
    - Sanskrit: स्वनयति (svanayáti)
- Proto-Italic: *swonaō^[3]
  - Latin: sonō (“to sound”)
*swn̥-né-h₂-ti ~ *swn̥-n-h₂-énti (nasal-infix present)
- Proto-Celtic: *swannati (“to sound, play an instrument”)^[5]
  - Old Irish: seinnid
- Proto-Indo-Iranian:
  - Proto-Iranian:
    - Avestan: 𐬀𐬞𐬀𐬓𐬀𐬥𐬎𐬎𐬀𐬌𐬧𐬙𐬌 (apaxᵛanuuaⁱṇti, “sound away”, 3pl.)
*swónh₂-os
- Proto-Balto-Slavic:^[2] (possibly)
  - Proto-Slavic: *zvonъ (“sound”) (or from *ǵʰwon-os)
- Proto-Germanic: *swanaz (“swan”)^[4]
- Proto-Italic: *swonos
  - Latin: sonus (“sound”) (or from *swenos < *swenh₂-os^[7])
Unsorted formations:
- Proto-Indo-Iranian:
  - Proto-Indo-Aryan:
    - Sanskrit: स्वनति (svánati, “to sound”)
- Proto-Indo-Iranian:
  - Proto-Indo-Aryan:
    - Sanskrit: स्वनद्रथ (svanád-ratha, “having a rattling chariot”)
  - Proto-Iranian:
    - Avestan: 𐬓𐬀𐬥𐬀𐬝-𐬗𐬀𐬑𐬭𐬀 (xᵛanat̰-caxra, “with sounding wheels”)

Descendants

Proto-Germanic: *swin-, *swen-
Proto-Indo-Iranian: *swanH-
- Proto-Indo-Aryan: *swanH-
  - Sanskrit: स्वन् (svan)
- Proto-Iranian: *hwanH-
  - Old Persian:
    - Middle Persian:
      - Persian: خوان (xvân, “to read, recite”)

References

^ Cheung, Johnny (2007) “*hu̯anH”, in Etymological Dictionary of the Iranian Verb (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 2), Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, pages 144-145
↑ ^2.0 ^2.1 Derksen, Rick (2008) “*zvȏnъ”, in Etymological Dictionary of the Slavic Inherited Lexicon (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 4), Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 550
↑ ^3.0 ^3.1 De Vaan, Michiel (2008) “sonō, -āre”, in Etymological Dictionary of Latin and the other Italic Languages (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 7), Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 574
↑ ^4.0 ^4.1 Guus Kroonen (2013) “*swana-”, in Alexander Lubotsky, editor, Etymological Dictionary of Proto-Germanic (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 11)‎^[1], Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 496
↑ ^5.0 ^5.1 Matasović, Ranko (2009) “*swan-na-”, in Etymological Dictionary of Proto-Celtic (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 9), Leiden: Brill, →ISBN, page 360
↑ ^6.0 ^6.1 ^6.2 ^6.3 Rix, Helmut, editor (2001), “*su̯enh₂-”, in Lexikon der indogermanischen Verben [Lexicon of Indo-European Verbs] (in German), 2nd edition, Wiesbaden: Dr. Ludwig Reichert Verlag, →ISBN, page 611
↑ ^7.0 ^7.1 Schrijver, Peter C. H. (1991) The reflexes of the Proto-Indo-European laryngeals in Latin (Leiden studies in Indo-European; 2), Amsterdam, Atlanta: Rodopi, →ISBN

[Cheung_1-1] Cheung, Johnny (2007) “*hu̯anH”, in Etymological Dictionary of the Iranian Verb (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 2), Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, pages 144-145

[DerksenS_1-2] 2.0 ^2.1 Derksen, Rick (2008) “*zvȏnъ”, in Etymological Dictionary of the Slavic Inherited Lexicon (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 4), Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 550

[De_vaan_1-3] 3.0 ^3.1 De Vaan, Michiel (2008) “sonō, -āre”, in Etymological Dictionary of Latin and the other Italic Languages (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 7), Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 574

[Kroonen1"-4] 4.0 ^4.1 Guus Kroonen (2013) “*swana-”, in Alexander Lubotsky, editor, Etymological Dictionary of Proto-Germanic (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 11)‎^[1], Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 496

[Matasovich_1-5] 5.0 ^5.1 Matasović, Ranko (2009) “*swan-na-”, in Etymological Dictionary of Proto-Celtic (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 9), Leiden: Brill, →ISBN, page 360

[Rix_1-6] 6.0 ^6.1 ^6.2 ^6.3 Rix, Helmut, editor (2001), “*su̯enh₂-”, in Lexikon der indogermanischen Verben [Lexicon of Indo-European Verbs] (in German), 2nd edition, Wiesbaden: Dr. Ludwig Reichert Verlag, →ISBN, page 611

[Schrijver_1-7] 7.0 ^7.1 Schrijver, Peter C. H. (1991) The reflexes of the Proto-Indo-European laryngeals in Latin (Leiden studies in Indo-European; 2), Amsterdam, Atlanta: Rodopi, →ISBN

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