Reconstruction:Proto-Indo-European/weh₁ros
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This Proto-Indo-European entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence. |
Proto-Indo-European
editEtymology
editPresumed either from *weh₁- + *-rós (Caland system suffix),[1] or *weh₁r- + *-ós;[2][3] however, the expected outcomes of oxytona *weh₁rós would be Proto-Celtic **wiros, and Proto-Germanic **weraz, due to pretonic vowel shortening according to Dybo's law,[4] if this law holds true.
Adjective
edit*weh₁ros (non-ablauting)[2]
Inflection
edit| Thematic | |||
|---|---|---|---|
| masculine | feminine | ||
| nominative | *weh₁ros | *weh₁reh₂ | |
| genitive | *weh₁rosyo | *weh₁reh₂s | |
| masculine | singular | dual | plural |
| nominative | *weh₁ros | *weh₁roh₁ | *weh₁roes |
| vocative | *weh₁re | *weh₁roh₁ | *weh₁roes |
| accusative | *weh₁rom | *weh₁roh₁ | *weh₁roms |
| genitive | *weh₁rosyo | *? | *weh₁roHom |
| ablative | *weh₁read | *? | *weh₁romos, *weh₁robʰos |
| dative | *weh₁roey | *? | *weh₁romos, *weh₁robʰos |
| locative | *weh₁rey, *weh₁roy | *? | *weh₁roysu |
| instrumental | *weh₁roh₁ | *? | *weh₁rōys |
| feminine | singular | dual | plural |
| nominative | *weh₁reh₂ | *weh₁reh₂h₁(e) | *weh₁reh₂es |
| vocative | *weh₁reh₂ | *weh₁reh₂h₁(e) | *weh₁reh₂es |
| accusative | *weh₁rām | *weh₁reh₂h₁(e) | *weh₁reh₂m̥s |
| genitive | *weh₁reh₂s | *? | *weh₁reh₂oHom |
| ablative | *weh₁reh₂s | *? | *weh₁reh₂mos, *weh₁reh₂bʰos |
| dative | *weh₁reh₂ey | *? | *weh₁reh₂mos, *weh₁reh₂bʰos |
| locative | *weh₁reh₂, *weh₁reh₂i | *? | *weh₁reh₂su |
| instrumental | *weh₁reh₂h₁ | *? | *weh₁reh₂mis, *weh₁reh₂bʰis |
| neuter | singular | dual | plural |
| nominative | *weh₁rom | *weh₁roy(h₁) | *weh₁reh₂ |
| vocative | *weh₁rom | *weh₁roy(h₁) | *weh₁reh₂ |
| accusative | *weh₁rom | *weh₁roy(h₁) | *weh₁reh₂ |
| genitive | *weh₁rosyo | *? | *weh₁roHom |
| ablative | *weh₁read | *? | *weh₁romos, *weh₁robʰos |
| dative | *weh₁roey | *? | *weh₁romos, *weh₁robʰos |
| locative | *weh₁rey, *weh₁roy | *? | *weh₁roysu |
| instrumental | *weh₁roh₁ | *? | *weh₁rōys |
Alternative reconstructions
edit- *wēros[3]
Descendants
edit- Proto-Albanian: *wara[5]
- Proto-Celtic: *wīros (see there for further descendants)
- Proto-Germanic: *wēraz (see there for further descendants)
- Proto-Italic: *wēros (see there for further descendants)
References
edit- ^ Schrijver, Peter C. H. (1991) The reflexes of the Proto-Indo-European laryngeals in Latin (Leiden studies in Indo-European; 2), Amsterdam, Atlanta: Rodopi, →ISBN, page 301: “*u̯eh₁-ro-”
- ↑ 2.0 2.1 Mallory, J. P., Adams, D. Q., editors (1997), “*u̯eh₁ros”, in Encyclopedia of Indo-European Culture, London, Chicago: Fitzroy Dearborn Publishers, page 606
- ↑ 3.0 3.1 Pokorny, Julius (1959) Indogermanisches etymologisches Wörterbuch [Indo-European Etymological Dictionary] (in German), volume 1, Bern, München: Francke Verlag, page 166: “*u̯ēro-s”
- ^ Matasović, Ranko (2009) Etymological Dictionary of Proto-Celtic (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 9), Leiden: Brill, →ISBN, pages 424–*wīro-: “PIE: *weh₁-ro-”
- ↑ 5.0 5.1 Orel, Vladimir E. (1998) “urtë”, in Albanian Etymological Dictionary, Leiden, Boston, Köln: Brill, →ISBN, page 489
Further reading
edit- Schrijver, Peter C. H. (1995) Studies in British Celtic historical phonology (Leiden studies in Indo-European; 5), Amsterdam, Atlanta: Rodopi, page 193: “PIE *u̯eh₁ros”
- De Vaan, Michiel (2008) “vērus”, in Etymological Dictionary of Latin and the other Italic Languages (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 7), Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 668: “PIE *u̯eh₁-ro-”