Reconstruction:Proto-Indo-Iranian/ǰiHwás

This Proto-Indo-Iranian entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-Indo-Iranian

Etymology

From Proto-Indo-European *gʷih₃wós. Cognate with Proto-Hellenic *gʷīwos.

Adjective

*ǰiHwás

alive

Descendants

Proto-Indo-Aryan: *ȷ́iHwás
- Sanskrit: जीव (jīvá)
  - Ardhamagadhi Prakrit: 𑀚𑀻𑀯 (jīva)
    - Awadhi: जिउ (jiu)
  - Dardic:
    - Kashmiri: زُو (zuv)
  - Khasa Prakrit:
    - Nepali: जीउ (jīu)
  - Magadhi Prakrit: 𑀚𑀻𑀯 (jīva)
    - Assamese: জীউ (ziu)
    - Bengali: জী (ji)
    - Bihari:
      - Bhojpuri: जीउ (jīu), जिव (jiv)
      - Magahi: 𑂔𑂲𑂫 (jīu)
      - Maithili: जिउ (jiu), जिआ (jiā)
    - Odia: ଜୀଉ (jiu, “spirit”), ଜୀ (ji)
  - Maharastri Prakrit: 𑀚𑀻𑀯 (jīva)
    - Konkani: जीवु (jīvu)
  - Paisaci Prakrit:
    - Punjabi: ਜੀਓ (jīo), ਜੀ (jī)
    - Sindhi: जीउ (jīu)
  - Pali: jīva
  - Sauraseni Prakrit: 𑀚𑀻𑀯 (jīva)
    - Garhwali: ज्यु (jyu)
    - Hindustani:
      Hindi: जीउ (jīu) जी (jī), जिया (jiyā)
      Urdu: جی (jī)
    - Kumaoni: ज्यू (jyū), ज्यो (jyo)
    - Romani: dǐ (“heart, soul”), gǐ
Proto-Iranian: *ǰiHwáh
- Central Iranian:
  - Avestan: 𐬘𐬎𐬎𐬋 (juuō)
- Southwestern Iranian:
  - Old Persian: 𐎪𐎡𐎺 (ji-i-v /⁠jīva⁠/)
    - Middle Persian: [script needed] (žīwandāg, “living”)
      - Persian: جیوه (jive, “alive metal, Mercury”)
Proto-Nuristani: *ǰīwá
- Northern Nuristani:
  - Kamkata-viri:
    Kamviri: jǖ́- (“to be alive”)
    
    Kativiri: jëvé- (“to be alive”)