Reconstruction:Proto-Indo-Iranian/káćšas

This Proto-Indo-Iranian entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-Indo-Iranian

Etymology

From Proto-Indo-European *kóḱs-o-s, from *koḱs- (“joint”). Cognate with Proto-Italic *koksā (whence Latin coxa (“hip”)), Old Irish coss (“foot”), Tocharian B kakse (“midriff, loins”).

Noun

*káćšas m

1. (anatomy) armpit

Declension

masculine a-stem
	singular	dual	plural
nominative	*káćšas	*káćšā	*káćšā, -ās(as)
vocative	*káćša	*káćšā	*káćšā, -ās(as)
accusative	*káćšam	*káćšā	*káćšāns
instrumental	*káćšā	*káćšaybʰyaH, -ābʰyām	*káćšāyš
ablative	*káćšāt	*káćšaybʰyaH, -ābʰyām	*káćšaybʰyas
dative	*káćšāy	*káćšaybʰyaH, -ābʰyām	*káćšaybʰyas
genitive	*káćšasya	*káćšayās	*káćšāna(H)m
locative	*káćšay	*káćšayaw	*káćšayšu

Derived terms

• *upakaćšas
  • Proto-Iranian: *upakašah
    • Sogdian: [script needed] (ʾpkš /⁠əpkaš⁠/)
    • Yagnobi: [script needed] (kapáš, kⁱpáš)

Descendants

• Proto-Indo-Aryan: *káṭṣas
  • Sanskrit: कक्ष (kákṣa)
    • Ardhamagadhi Prakrit: 𑀓𑀓𑁆𑀔 (kakkha), 𑀓𑀘𑁆𑀙 (kaccha)
    • Dardic:
      • Gawar-Bati: [script needed] (kaċyāl)
      • Kalami: [script needed] (kac̣āl)
      • Kashmiri: کَژھ (kaċh)
      • Khowar: [script needed] (kuṣkomul)
      • Northeast Pashayi: [script needed] (kaċal), [script needed] (xac̣em, “my armpit”)
      • Northwest Pashayi: [script needed] (kačalīn)
      • Savi: [script needed] (kačal)
      • Shumashti: [script needed] (xaċī)
      • Southeast Pashayi: [script needed] (kačī)
      • Torwali: [script needed] (kaṣāl)
    • Helu Prakrit:
      • Dhivehi: ކަކ (kak)
      • Sinhalese: කැස (kæsa)
    • Khasa Prakrit:
      • Nepali: काख (kākh, “lap”)
    • Magadhi Prakrit: 𑀓𑀓𑁆𑀔 (kakkha), 𑀓𑀘𑁆𑀙 (kaccha)
      • Assamese: কাষ (kax)
      • Bengali: কাছ (kach)
      • Bihari:

        Bhojpuri: कांख (kāṅkh)

        Maithili: कांख (kāṅkh)

        Magahi: 𑂍𑂰𑂀𑂎 (kã̄kh)

      • Odia: କାଖ (kakhô)
    • Maharastri Prakrit: 𑀓𑀓𑁆𑀔 (kakkha), 𑀓𑀘𑁆𑀙 (kaccha)
      • Marathi: कास (kās)
    • Paisaci Prakrit:
      • Punjabi:
        • Gurmukhi script: ਕੱਛ (kaccha)
        • Shahmukhi script: کَچّھ (kacch)
      • Sindhi:
        • Arabic script: کَچھ (kach)
        • Devanagari script: कछ (kach)
    • Pali: kaccha
    • Sauraseni Prakrit: 𑀓𑀓𑁆𑀔 (kakkha), 𑀓𑀘𑁆𑀙 (kaccha)
      • Gujarati: કાખ (kākh)
      • Hindustani:

        Hindi: कांख (kāṅkh)

        Urdu: کانکھ (kā̃kh)

      • Kumaoni: काख (kākh, “lap”)
      • Romani: kakh
• Proto-Iranian: *kášah
  • Central Iranian:
    • Avestan: 𐬐𐬀𐬱𐬀 (kaša)
  • Northwestern Iranian:
    • Gurani: کەش (keş)
    • Kurdish:

      Central Kurdish: کۆش (koş, “lap”)

  • Southwestern Iranian:
    • Middle Persian: [script needed] (kš /⁠kaš⁠/)
      • Persian: کش (kaš)
• Proto-Nuristani: *káča
  • Northern Nuristani:
    • Kamkata-viri:

      Kamviri: kāčkařū

    • Prasuni: kuṣlogu
  • Southern Nuristani:
    • Waigali: kačãt

References

• Turner, Ralph Lilley (1969–1985) “kákṣa”, in A Comparative Dictionary of the Indo-Aryan Languages, London: Oxford University Press