Reconstruction:Proto-Indo-Iranian/pr̥Hwás

This Proto-Indo-Iranian entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-Indo-Iranian

Etymology

From Proto-Indo-European *pr̥h₂-wó-s, from *preh₂- (“before, in front of”).

Preposition

*pr̥Hwás

1. before, first, in front of

Derived terms

• *pr̥Hwyás (< *pr̥h₂-w-yó-s or from *pr̥Húš)
  • Proto-Indo-Aryan: *pr̥Hwyás
    • Sanskrit: पूर्व्य (pūrvyá)
  • Proto-Iranian: *pr̥Hwyáh
    • Old Avestan: 𐬞𐬀𐬊𐬎𐬭𐬎𐬎𐬌𐬌𐬋 (pao^uruuiiō)

Adjective

*pr̥Hwás

1. ancient, old

Descendants

• Proto-Indo-Aryan: *pr̥Hwás
  • Sanskrit: पूर्व (pū́rva)
    • Dardic:
      • Kashmiri: پوٗر (pūr, “east”)
      • Northeast Pashayi: [script needed] (puruvāla, “first”)
      • Northwest Pashayi: [script needed] (puruvāla, “first”)
      • Southeast Pashayi: [script needed] (puruvāla, “first”)
      • Southwest Pashayi: [script needed] (puruvāla, “first”)
    • Helu Prakrit:
      • Sinhalese: පුව (puwa)
    • Magadhi Prakrit: 𑀧𑀼𑀯𑁆𑀯 (puvva), 𑀧𑀼𑀯𑁆𑀯𑀸 (puvvā, “east”)
      • Bengali: পুব (pbo)
      • Bihari: पुर्वे (purve, “second ploughing”)
        • Maithili: पूब (pūb, “east”), पूबा (pūbā, “easterner”)
    • Pali: pubba (in compounds)
      • → Burmese: ပုဗ္ဗ (pubba.)
    • Sauraseni Prakrit: 𑀧𑀼𑀯𑁆𑀯 (puvva), 𑀧𑀼𑀯𑁆𑀯𑀸 (puvvā, “east”)
      • Old Hindi: पुब (puba, “former”)
• Proto-Iranian: *pr̥Hwáh
  • Avestan: 𐬞𐬀𐬎𐬭𐬎𐬎𐬀 (pa^uruua)
• Proto-Nuristani: *puwwá (“last year”)
  • Northern Nuristani:
    • Kamkata-viri:

      Kamviri: pū́

      Kativiri: púve

  • Southern Nuristani:
    • Ashkun: páu
    • Waigali: pöv