Reconstruction:Proto-Iranian/fragaHwah

This Proto-Iranian entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-Iranian

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Etymology

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From *fra- +‎ *gaHwah (an increase).[1][2]

Noun

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*fragaHwah m[3][2][4][5][6][7][8]

  1. profit, benefit

Descendants

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  • Northeastern Iranian:
    • Ossetian: (herd, flock)
      Digor Ossetian: ӕргъау (ærǧaw)
      Iron Ossetian: рӕгъау (ræǧaw)
    • Sogdo-Bactrian:
      • Bactrian: (/⁠frəɣāw⁠/, profit)
        Greek script: φρογαοο (frogaoo)
        Manichaean script: 𐫜𐫡𐫃𐫀𐫇 (frgʾw)
      • Khwarezmian: [script needed] m (šɣ’wcyk, profit)
        • Khwarezmian: [script needed] (šɣ’wyd’n, to create treasure)
      • Sogdian: 𐼾𐽀𐼲𐼰𐼴 (prɣʾw /⁠fraɣāw, farɣāw⁠/, wealth, riches)
    • Tocharian: (benefit, advantage, profit)[9]
  • Northwestern Iranian:
    • Parthian: 𐫜𐫡𐫃𐫀𐫇 (frgʾw /⁠fargāw, fraɣāw⁠/, wealth, treasure)
      • ? Old Armenian: պարգև (pargew, gift, prize) (see there for further descendants)

References

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  1. ^ Cheung, Johnny (2007) “*gau (*ǰau)”, in Etymological Dictionary of the Iranian Verb (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 2), Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, pages 112-113
  2. 2.0 2.1 Rastorgujeva, V. S., Edelʹman, D. I. (2007) “*⁴gau- : gu-”, in Etimologičeskij slovarʹ iranskix jazykov (in Russian), volume 3, Moscow: Vostochnaya Literatura, pages 226-228:*fra-gāu̯a-
  3. ^ Cheung, Johnny (2002) Studies in the Historical Development of the Ossetic Vocalism (Beitrage Zur Iranistik; 23), Wiesbaden: Dr. Ludwig Reichert, →ISBN, page 217:*fra-gāu̯a-
  4. ^ Gharib, B. (1995) “prɣʾw”, in Sogdian dictionary: Sogdian–Persian–English, Tehran: Farhangan Publications, page 285:*fragāva
  5. ^ Benzing, Johannes (1983) “šɣ’wcyk”, in Chwaresmischer Wortindex, Wiesbaden: Harrasowitz, page 595:*fra-gāwa-
  6. ^ Henning, W. B. (1971) “šγ’weyk”, in MacKenzie, D. N., editor, A Fragment of a Khwarezmian Dictionary (Tehran University. Publication no. 1317), London: Lund Humphries, →ISBN, page 47:*fra-gāwa-
  7. ^ Sims-Williams, Nicholas (2000) Bactrian Documents from Northern Afghanistan I. Legal and Economic Documents (Studies in the Khalili Collection III, Corpus Inscriptionum Iranicarum II; VI), Oxford: Nour Foundation in association with Azimuth Editions and Oxford University Press, page 230:*fra-gāwa-
  8. ^ Gholami, Saloumeh (2014) Selected Features of Bactrian Grammar (Göttinger Orientforschungen, III. Reihe: Iranica. Neue Folge; 12)‎[1], Wiesbaden: Harrassowitz Verlag, page 24:*fra-gāwa-
  9. ^ Pinault, Georges-Jean (2002) “Tocharian and Indo-Iranian: Relations between Two Linguistic Areas”, in Sims-Williams, Nicholas, editors, Indo-Iranian Languages and Peoples (Proceedings of the British Academy; 116), volume 41, Oxford: British Academy, →ISBN, page 265