Reconstruction:Proto-Italic/herjō

This Proto-Italic entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-Italic

Etymology

From earlier *xerjō (to differentiate it from a later form *herjō if the shift */x/ > */h/ in the Italic languages already happened during late Proto-Italic), from Proto-Indo-European *gʰr̥-yé-ti, from *gʰer- (“to yearn for”).

Verb

*herjō first-singular present indicative

1. to want, wish, cheer

Inflection

Inflection of *herjō (third conjugation)
Present	*herjō
Perfect	*herai
Aorist	—
Past participle	*heritos
Present indicative	Active	Passive
1st sing.	*herjō	*herjōr
2nd sing.	*herjes	*herjezo
3rd sing.	*herjet	*herjetor
1st plur.	*herjomos	*herjomor
2nd plur.	*herjetes	*herjem(e?)n(ai?)
3rd plur.	*herjont	*herjontor
Present subjunctive	Active	Passive
1st sing.	*herjām	*herjār
2nd sing.	*herjās	*herjāzo
3rd sing.	*herjād	*herjātor
1st plur.	*herjāmos	*herjāmor
2nd plur.	*herjātes	*herjām(e?)n(ai?)
3rd plur.	*herjānd	*herjāntor
Perfect indicative	Active
1st sing.	*herai
2nd sing.	*heristai?
3rd sing.	*herei
1st plur.	*herme?
2nd plur.	*here
3rd plur.	*herēri
Aorist indicative	Active
1st sing.	—
2nd sing.	—
3rd sing.	—
1st plur.	—
2nd plur.	—
3rd plur.	—
Present imperative	Active	Passive
2nd sing.	*herje	*herjezo
2nd plur.	*herjete	—
Future imperative	Active
2nd + 3rd sing.	*herjetōd
Participles	Present	Past
	*herjents	*heritos
Verbal nouns	tu-derivative	s-derivative
	*heritum	*herjezi

Descendants

• Latin: horior (deponent), hortor (frequentative)
• Oscan: “to want”

  (3s.pr.sb.) 𐌇𐌄𐌓𐌉𐌉𐌀𐌃 (heriiad)

  (3s.fut.) herest

• Umbrian: “to want”

  (3s.pr.?) 𐌇𐌄𐌓𐌉 (heri)

  (3s.pr.sb.) 𐌇𐌄𐌓𐌉𐌉𐌄𐌉 (heriiei)

  (3s.fut.) 𐌇𐌄𐌓𐌉𐌄𐌔 (heries), heriest

  (2/3s.fut.) heries

  (3s.ps.) 𐌇𐌄𐌓𐌕𐌄𐌓 (herter), 𐌇𐌄𐌓𐌕𐌄 (herte), herti, hertei

  (inf.ps.) 𐌇𐌄𐌓𐌉𐌚𐌉 (herifi)

  (ppp., abl.sg.?) 𐌄𐌓𐌄𐌕𐌖 (eretu), heritu, hereitu

• ⇒ *herent-tāts f (“Herentas, an Italic goddess”, noun)
  • Paelignian: (nom.sg.) herentas
  • Oscan:

    (gen.sg.) 𐌇𐌄𐌓𐌄𐌍𐌕𐌀𐌕𐌄𐌉𐌔 (herentateis), 𐌇𐌄𐌓𐌄𐌕𐌕𐌀𐌕𐌄𐌔 (herettates)

    (dat.sg.) 𐌇𐌄𐌓𐌄𐌍𐌕𐌀𐌕𐌄𐌝 (herentateí), 𐌇𐌄𐌓𐌄𐌕𐌀𐌕𐌄𐌉 (heretatei)

  • ⇒ Marrucinian: herentatia (“of Herentas”, adjective)
• ⇒ Umbrian: 𐌇𐌄𐌓𐌉𐌔 (heris), 𐌇𐌄𐌓𐌉 (heri), heri, herie, heriei (repeated, stands for “either... or”)
• ⇒ Umbrian: pisher (“whoever”)
• ⇒? Umbrian: 𐌇𐌄𐌓𐌉𐌍𐌕𐌉𐌄𐌔 (herinties), 𐌇𐌄𐌓𐌉𐌍𐌕𐌉𐌄 (herintie)
• ⇒? Venetic: horvionte (“glad”, if interpreted as representing *hereionte)

References

• De Vaan, Michiel (2008) “horior”, in Etymological Dictionary of Latin and the other Italic Languages (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 7), Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 289