Reconstruction:Proto-Japonic/arasi

This Proto-Japonic entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

This Proto-Japonic entry contains original research. The reconstruction in this entry is based on published research, but the specific form presented here is not found in prior works.

Proto-Japonic edit

Etymology edit

The Japanese descendant term is analyzed in Japanese sources as from:

arasi, as the continuative / nominative / stem form of verb 荒らす (arasu, “to make something wild, rough, savage”)^[1]
ara- (the stem of adjective 荒い (arai, “rough, wild, savage”), and root of verbs 荒れる (areru, “to become wild, rough, savage”) and 荒らす (arasu, “to make something wild, rough, savage”)) + -si (suffixing element meaning "wind; direction")^[2]^[3]
in consideration of pitch accent patterns, may be an ablaut from, or otherwise related to, Japanese 颪 (orosi, “a fall wind, a katabatic wind”, literally “falling, dropping (transitive)”)^[2]

Pronunciation edit

Accent class: 3.?
- The Japanese accent is irregular, also noticed by Yosuke Igarashi.^[4]

Noun edit

*arasi

storm

Descendants edit

Old Japanese: 嵐 (arasi)
- Japanese: 嵐 (arashi, Heian LLL,^[5] Tokyo 2 [HLL(L)], Kyoto 2 [HLL(L)], Kagoshima A [LHL(L)^[6])
Proto-Ryukyuan: *arasi (tone class A)
- Northern Ryukyuan:
  - Kunigami: 嵐 (arāshi /⁠àɾáːɕì⁠/)
  - Northern Amami-Oshima: 嵐 (arashi)
  - Okinawan: 嵐 (arashi /⁠áɾáɕì⁠/)
  - Oki-No-Erabu: 嵐 (arashi /⁠àɾàɕí⁠/)
  - Toku-No-Shima: 嵐 (arasï /⁠àɾàsɨ́⁠/)

References edit

^ 2002, Yasuo Kitahara, 明鏡国語辞典 (Meikyō Kokugo Jiten), First Edition (in Japanese), Tokyo: Taishūkan Shoten, →ISBN
↑ ^2.0 ^2.1 “嵐”, in 日本国語大辞典 (Nihon Kokugo Daijiten, “Nihon Kokugo Daijiten”)‎^[1] (in Japanese), concise edition, Tōkyō: Shogakukan, 2000
^ Kindaichi, Kyōsuke et al., editors (1997), 新明解国語辞典 (in Japanese), Fifth edition, Tōkyō: Sanseidō, →ISBN
^ “*arasi”, in 日本の危機言語‎^[2] (in Japanese), National Institute for Japanese Language and Linguistics, 2022
^ “あら‐し【嵐】”, in 日本国語大辞典 (Nihon Kokugo Daijiten, “Nihon Kokugo Daijiten”) ‎^[3] (in Japanese), 2nd edition, Tōkyō: Shogakukan, 2000, released online 2007, →ISBN, concise edition entry available here (Note: Dialectal meanings, etymological theories, pronunciation including modern, dialectal, and historical information, Jōdai Tokushu Kanazukai, historical dictionaries containing this word, and the kanji spellings in those dictionaries have been omitted.)
^ Hirayama, Teruo, editor (1960), 全国アクセント辞典 (Zenkoku Akusento Jiten, “Nationwide Accent Dictionary”) (in Japanese), Tōkyō: Tōkyōdō, →ISBN

[M-1] 2002, Yasuo Kitahara, 明鏡国語辞典 (Meikyō Kokugo Jiten), First Edition (in Japanese), Tokyo: Taishūkan Shoten, →ISBN

[KDJ2-2] 2.0 ^2.1 “嵐”, in 日本国語大辞典 (Nihon Kokugo Daijiten, “Nihon Kokugo Daijiten”)‎^[1] (in Japanese), concise edition, Tōkyō: Shogakukan, 2000

[SM-3] Kindaichi, Kyōsuke et al., editors (1997), 新明解国語辞典 (in Japanese), Fifth edition, Tōkyō: Sanseidō, →ISBN

[KG-4] “*arasi”, in 日本の危機言語‎^[2] (in Japanese), National Institute for Japanese Language and Linguistics, 2022

[KDJ2O-5] “あら‐し【嵐】”, in 日本国語大辞典 (Nihon Kokugo Daijiten, “Nihon Kokugo Daijiten”) ‎^[3] (in Japanese), 2nd edition, Tōkyō: Shogakukan, 2000, released online 2007, →ISBN, concise edition entry available here (Note: Dialectal meanings, etymological theories, pronunciation including modern, dialectal, and historical information, Jōdai Tokushu Kanazukai, historical dictionaries containing this word, and the kanji spellings in those dictionaries have been omitted.)

[ZAJ-6] Hirayama, Teruo, editor (1960), 全国アクセント辞典 (Zenkoku Akusento Jiten, “Nationwide Accent Dictionary”) (in Japanese), Tōkyō: Tōkyōdō, →ISBN

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