Reconstruction:Proto-Malayo-Polynesian/tumah

This Proto-Malayo-Polynesian entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-Malayo-Polynesian

Etymology

From Proto-Austronesian *CuməS.

Noun

*tumah

clothes louse
body louse

Descendants

Philippine
- Batanic
  - Itbayat: tomah
  - Ivatan: tuma
  - Ibatan: toma
- Northern Luzon
  - Ilocano: túma
  - Meso-Cordilleran
    - Central Cordilleran
      - Ifugao
        Batad Ifugao: tūma
        
        Mayoyao Ifugao: túma
      - Bontok-Kankanaey
        Central Bontoc: túma
        
        Kankanaey: túma
    - Southern Cordilleran
      - Pangasinan: tomá
      - Karao: toma
- Central Luzon
  - Kapampangan: tuma
  - Sambalic
    - Abenlen Ayta: tomah
- Greater Central Philippine
  - Central Philippine
    - Tagalog: túma
    - Bikol Central: túma
    - Visayan
      - Cebuano: túma
    - Mansaka: toma
  - South Mangyan
    - Hanunoo: túma
  - Palawanic
    - Central Palawano: tuma
    - Brooke's Point Palawano: tuma
  - Subanen
    - Central Subanen: tuma
  - Manobo
    - Binukid: tuma
  - Danao
    - Maranao: tom
  - Gorontalo–Mongondow
    - Gorontalo: tumo
    - Mongondow: tuma
- Kalamian
  - Calamian Tagbanwa: tuma'
- Sangiric
  - Sangir: tuma
- Minahasan
  - Tontemboan: tuma
Greater Barito
- Sama–Bajaw
  - Yakan: tume
  - Mapun: tuma
  - West Coast Bajau: tumo
  - Indonesian Bajau: tuma
- West Barito
  - Ngaju: tume
North Bornean
- Northeast Sabahan
  - Bonggi: tuma
  - Ida'an: tumo
- North Sarawakan
  - Dayic
    - Kelabit: tumeh
- Central Sarawakan
  - Punan
    - Punan Tubu: tumoh
Land Dayak
- Bidayuh
  - Bukar-Sadung Bidayuh: tumuh
Northwest Sumatra–Barrier Islands
- Batak
  - Karo Batak: tuma
  - Dairi Batak: tuma
  - Toba Batak: tuma
Rejang: tumêi
Malayo-Sumbawan
- Malayic
  - Iban: tuma
  - Malay: tuma
    - Indonesian: tuma
- Bali–Sasak–Sumbawa
  - Balinese: tuma
  - Sasak: tuma, ketuma
- Madurese: tuma
- Sundanese: tuma
Old Javanese: tuma
- Javanese: ꦠꦸꦩ (tuma)
South Sulawesi
- Bugis–Tamanic
  - Buginese: tuma
- Makassaric
  - Makasar: gantuma
- Northern
  - Mandar: tuma
  - Tae': tuma
Celebic
- Saluan–Banggai
  - Balantak: tuma'
- Muna–Buton
  - Muna: tuma
- Tomini–Tolitoli
  - Tolitoli
    - Totoli: tuma
  - Tomini
    - Tajio: tuma
    - Dampelas: tuma
- Wotu–Wolio
  - Wolio: tuma
Central-Eastern Malayo-Polynesian: *tuma
- Central Malayo-Polynesian
  - Sumba–Flores
    - Western Flores
      - Manggarai: tuma
      - Komodo: tuma
      - Ngadha: tuma
  - Kei–Tanimbar
    - Kei: tuman
    - Fordata: tuma
    - Yamdena: tume
  - Selaru
    - Selaru: tum-lef
  - Timoric
    - Tetumic
      - Tetum: tuma, katuma
    - Rote–Meto
      - Bilba: tuma
    - Luangic
      - Luang: toma
      - Leti: tuma
  - Central Maluku
    - West Central Maluku
      - Buru (Indonesia): tuman
      - Taliabu: tuma
- Eastern Malayo-Polynesian
  - Halmahera–Cenderawasih
    - Halmahera Sea
      - Buli (Indonesia): tun
      - Sawai: étim
  - Oceanic: *tuma
    - Western Oceanic
      - North New Guinea
        Ngero–Vitiaz
        Lusi: tuma
        
        Kove: tuma
        
        Huon Gulf
        Jabem: tôm
      - Meso-Melanesian
        Nakanai: la-tuma
      - Papuan Tip
        Are
        Gapapaiwa: tuma
        
        Suauic
        Suau: tuma
        
        Saliba (New Guinea): tuma
        
        Bwanabwana: tuma
        
        Oumic
        Magori: tuma
        
        →? Mailu: tuma
    - Central-Eastern Oceanic
      - Southeast Solomonic
        Bugotu–Gela
        Gela: tuma
        
        Malaita–Makira
        Wala: ne-tum
      - Central Pacific
        Polynesian: *tuma
        Tongic
        Tongan: tuma
        
        Niuean: tuma
        
        Nuclear Polynesian
        Ellicean
        Nukuoro: tuma
        
        Futunic
        East Futuna: tuma
        
        Wallisian: tuma

References

Blust, Robert & Stephen Trussell, Austronesian Comparative Dictionary – *CumeS.