Wiktionary

tom

See also: Appendix:Variations of "tom"

EnglishEdit

PronunciationEdit

  • (UK) IPA(key): /tɒm/
  • (US) IPA(key): /tɑm/
  • Audio (US)(file)
  • Rhymes: -ɒm

Etymology 1Edit

From generic use of the proper name Tom.

NounEdit

tom (plural toms)

  1. The intact male of the domesticated cat.
  2. The male of the turkey.
  3. The male of the orangutan.
  4. The male of certain other animals.
  5. (Britain, slang) A female prostitute.
  6. (US, slang) A lesbian.
  7. (music) Clipping of tom-tom.
  8. (obsolete) The jack of trumps in the card game gleek.
  9. (UK, regional, obsolete) A close-stool.
SynonymsEdit
Coordinate termsEdit

(intact male cat):

Derived termsEdit
TranslationsEdit
male turkey — see turkey-cock
prostitute — see prostitute
lesbian — see lesbian

Etymology 2Edit

Shortened from tomato

NounEdit

tom (plural toms)

  1. (Britain, greengrocers' slang) A tomato (the fruit).
    Toms 90p a pound
    • 2009, Mark Penny, ‎Jonathan Penny, The Golden Pig (page 160)
      “I'd like sausage, eggs, bacon, toms, mushies, beans – oh, and some fried bread,” said Mike.

Etymology 3Edit

Rhyming slang from tomfoolery.

NounEdit

tom (uncountable)

  1. (Cockney rhyming slang) jewellery

Etymology 4Edit

From Uncle Tom.

VerbEdit

tom (third-person singular simple present toms, present participle tomming, simple past and past participle tommed)

  1. (intransitive, derogatory, of a black person) To act in an obsequiously servile manner toward white authority.

Etymology 5Edit

VerbEdit

tom (third-person singular simple present toms, present participle tomming, simple past and past participle tommed)

  1. (nautical) To dig out a hole below the hatch cover of a bulker and fill it with cargo or weights to aid stability.

AnagramsEdit

DanishEdit

EtymologyEdit

From Old Norse tómr, from Proto-Germanic *tōmaz (“empty”) .

PronunciationEdit

AdjectiveEdit

tom (neuter tomt, plural and definite singular attributive tomme)

  1. empty

ReferencesEdit

FinnishEdit

EtymologyEdit

From English tom.

PronunciationEdit

  • IPA(key): /ˈtom/, [ˈt̪o̞m]
  • Rhymes: -om
  • Syllabification(key): tom

NounEdit

tom

  1. (music) tom, tom-tom (percussion instrument)

DeclensionEdit

Inflection of tom (Kotus type 5/risti, no gradation)
nominative tom tomit
genitive tomin tomien
partitive tomia tomeja
illative tomiin tomeihin
singular plural
nominative tom tomit
accusative nom. tom tomit
gen. tomin
genitive tomin tomien
partitive tomia tomeja
inessive tomissa tomeissa
elative tomista tomeista
illative tomiin tomeihin
adessive tomilla tomeilla
ablative tomilta tomeilta
allative tomille tomeille
essive tomina tomeina
translative tomiksi tomeiksi
instructive — tomein
abessive tomitta tomeitta
comitative — tomeineen
Possessive forms of tom (type risti)
possessor singular plural
1st person tomini tomimme
2nd person tomisi tominne
3rd person tominsa

IrishEdit

PronunciationEdit

Etymology 1Edit

From Old Irish tom (“bush, tuft; hillock, knoll”).

NounEdit

tom m (genitive singular toim, nominative plural toim or tomacha)

  1. bush, shrub
    Synonym: tor
  2. clump, tuft, tussock
    Synonym: tortóg
DeclensionEdit
Declension of tom

First declension

Bare forms:

Case Singular Plural
Nominative tom toim
Vocative a thoim a thoma
Genitive toim tom
Dative tom toim

Forms with the definite article:

Case Singular Plural
Nominative an tom na toim
Genitive an toim na dtom
Dative leis an tom

don tom

leis na toim

Derived termsEdit

Etymology 2Edit

NounEdit

tom m (genitive singular toma, nominative plural tomanna)

  1. Alternative form of taom (“fit, paroxysm”)
DeclensionEdit
Declension of tom

Third declension

Bare forms:

Case Singular Plural
Nominative tom tomanna
Vocative a thom a thomanna
Genitive toma tomanna
Dative tom tomanna

Forms with the definite article:

Case Singular Plural
Nominative an tom na tomanna
Genitive an toma na dtomanna
Dative leis an tom

don tom

leis na tomanna

Etymology 3Edit

VerbEdit

tom (present analytic tomann, future analytic tomfaidh, verbal noun tomadh, past participle tomtha)

  1. Alternative form of tum (“dip, immerse”)
ConjugationEdit
First Conjugation (A)
singular plural relative autonomous
first second third first second third
indicative present tomaim tomann tú;
tomair†		 tomann sé, sí tomaimid tomann sibh tomann siad;
tomaid†		 a thomann; a thomas /
a dtomann*; a dtomas* 		tomtar
past thom mé; thomas thom tú; thomais thom sé, sí thomamar; thom muid thom sibh; thomabhair thom siad; thomadar a thom /
ar thom* 		tomadh
past habitual thomainn / dtomainn‡‡ thomtá / dtomtᇇ thomadh sé, sí / dtomadh sé, s퇇 thomaimis; thomadh muid / dtomaimis‡‡; dtomadh muid‡‡ thomadh sibh / dtomadh sibh‡‡ thomaidís; thomadh siad / dtomaidís‡‡; dtomadh siad‡‡ a thomadh /
a dtomadh* 		thomtaí / dtomta퇇
future tomfaidh mé;
tomfad 		tomfaidh tú;
tomfair†		 tomfaidh sé, sí tomfaimid;
tomfaidh muid 		tomfaidh sibh tomfaidh siad;
tomfaid†		 a thomfaidh; a thomfas /
a dtomfaidh*; a dtomfas* 		tomfar
conditional thomfainn / dtomfainn‡‡ thomfá / dtomfᇇ thomfadh sé, sí / dtomfadh sé, s퇇 thomfaimis; thomfadh muid / dtomfaimis‡‡; dtomfadh muid‡‡ thomfadh sibh / dtomfadh sibh‡‡ thomfaidís; thomfadh siad / dtomfaidís‡‡; dtomfadh siad‡‡ a thomfadh /
a dtomfadh* 		thomfaí / dtomfa퇇
subjunctive present go dtoma mé;
go dtomad†		 go dtoma tú;
go dtomair†		 go dtoma sé, sí go dtomaimid;
go dtoma muid 		go dtoma sibh go dtoma siad;
go dtomaid†		 — go dtomtar
past dá dtomainn dá dtomtá dá dtomadh sé, sí dá dtomaimis;
dá dtomadh muid 		dá dtomadh sibh dá dtomaidís;
dá dtomadh siad 		— dá dtomtaí
imperative tomaim tom tomadh sé, sí tomaimis tomaigí;
tomaidh†		 tomaidís — tomtar
verbal noun tomadh
past participle tomtha

* Indirect relative
† Archaic or dialect form
‡‡ Dependent form used with particles that trigger eclipsis

MutationEdit

Irish mutation
Radical Lenition Eclipsis
tom thom dtom
Note: Some of these forms may be hypothetical. Not every possible mutated form of every word actually occurs.

JavaneseEdit

Other scripts
Carakan ꦠꦺꦴꦩ꧀
Roman tom

EtymologyEdit

From Old Javanese tom, from Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *taʀum.

NounEdit

tom

  1. indigo (plant)

DescendantsEdit

  • → Ternate: tom

Further readingEdit

  • “[ tom]” in Bausastra Jawa, Yogyakarta: The Linguistic Center of Yogyakarta [Balai Bahasa Provinsi Yogyakarta].

KomoEdit

NounEdit

tom

  1. spear

Lower SorbianEdit

PronunciationEdit

DeterminerEdit

tom

  1. locative masculine/neuter singular of ten

MaranaoEdit

NounEdit

tom

  1. human body louse

Middle EnglishEdit

Etymology 1Edit

AdjectiveEdit

tom

  1. Alternative form of tome (“empty”)

Etymology 2Edit

NounEdit

tom (uncountable)

  1. Alternative form of tome (“freetime”)

Etymology 3Edit

AdjectiveEdit

tom

  1. (Southwest, southern West Midlands) Alternative form of tame (“tame”)

Norwegian BokmålEdit

EtymologyEdit

From Old Norse tómr.

AdjectiveEdit

tom (neuter singular tomt, definite singular and plural tomme, comparative tommere, indefinite superlative tommest, definite superlative tommeste)

  1. empty

Derived termsEdit

Related termsEdit

ReferencesEdit

Norwegian NynorskEdit

Etymology 1Edit

From Old Norse tómr.

PronunciationEdit

AdjectiveEdit

tom (neuter singular tomt, definite singular and plural tomme, comparative tommare, indefinite superlative tommast, definite superlative tommaste)

  1. empty
Derived termsEdit
Related termsEdit

Etymology 2Edit

From Old Norse taumr.

NounEdit

tom m (definite singular tommen, indefinite plural tommar, definite plural tommane)

  1. Alternative form of taum; (pre-2012) alternative form of taum
Derived termsEdit

ReferencesEdit

AnagramsEdit

OksapminEdit

NounEdit

tom

  1. water

ReferencesEdit

Old EnglishEdit

EtymologyEdit

From Proto-Germanic *tōmaz (“empty”). Akin to Old Norse tómr (“empty”), whence Icelandic tómur (“empty”).

PronunciationEdit

AdjectiveEdit

tōm

  1. empty
  2. (figuratively) free from
    Ðæt hīe mōstun mānweorca tōme lifgan and tīres blǣd ēcne āgan.
    That they might live free from wicked works and own the eternal reward of glory.

DeclensionEdit

Declension of tōm — Strong
Singular Masculine Feminine Neuter
Nominative tōm tōm tōm
Accusative tōmne tōme tōm
Genitive tōmes tōmre tōmes
Dative tōmum tōmre tōmum
Instrumental tōme tōmre tōme
Plural Masculine Feminine Neuter
Nominative tōme tōma, tōme tōm
Accusative tōme tōma, tōme tōm
Genitive tōmra tōmra tōmra
Dative tōmum tōmum tōmum
Instrumental tōmum tōmum tōmum
Declension of tōm — Weak
Singular Masculine Feminine Neuter
Nominative tōma tōme tōme
Accusative tōman tōman tōme
Genitive tōman tōman tōman
Dative tōman tōman tōman
Instrumental tōman tōman tōman
Plural Masculine Feminine Neuter
Nominative tōman tōman tōman
Accusative tōman tōman tōman
Genitive tōmra, tōmena tōmra, tōmena tōmra, tōmena
Dative tōmum tōmum tōmum
Instrumental tōmum tōmum tōmum

DescendantsEdit

Old JavaneseEdit

EtymologyEdit

From Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *taʀum.

NounEdit

tom

  1. indigo (plant)

DescendantsEdit

ReferencesEdit

  • "tom" in P.J. Zoetmulder with the collaboration of S.O. Robson, Old Javanese-English Dictionary. 's-Gravenhage: M. Nijhoff, 1982.

PolishEdit

EtymologyEdit

Borrowed from Latin tomus, from Ancient Greek τόμος (tómos).

PronunciationEdit

NounEdit

tom m inan (diminutive tomik, augmentative tomisko or tomiszcze)

  1. volume (single book of a publication issued in multi-book format)
    Synonyms: wolumen, wolumin

DeclensionEdit

Declension of tom
singular plural
nominative tom tomy
genitive tomu tomów
dative tomowi tomom
accusative tom tomy
instrumental tomem tomami
locative tomie tomach
vocative tomie tomy

Further readingEdit

  • tom in Wielki słownik języka polskiego, Instytut Języka Polskiego PAN
  • tom in Polish dictionaries at PWN

PortugueseEdit

EtymologyEdit

Probably a semi-learned borrowing from Latin tonus (and influenced by som; compare the Spanish ton, variant of the standard tono, which underwent a similar change, influenced by son, respectively), from Ancient Greek τόνος (tónos, “tone”), from τείνω (teínō, “to stretch”). Cf. also trom, a possible doublet.

PronunciationEdit

  • Rhymes: -õ
  • Hyphenation: tom

NounEdit

tom m (plural tons)

  1. tone or pitch (property of sound determined by the frequency)
  2. (music) tone (interval of a major second)
  3. (music) key

See alsoEdit

RomanianEdit

EtymologyEdit

From French tome, from Latin tomus.

NounEdit

tom n (plural tomuri)

  1. volume

DeclensionEdit

Declension of tom
singular plural
indefinite articulation definite articulation indefinite articulation definite articulation
nominative/accusative (un) tom tomul (niște) tomuri tomurile
genitive/dative (unui) tom tomului (unor) tomuri tomurilor
vocative tomule tomurilor

Scottish GaelicEdit

PronunciationEdit

NounEdit

tom m (genitive singular tuim, plural toman or tomannan)

  1. round hillock or knoll, rising ground, swell, green eminence
  2. any round heap
  3. tuft of anything
  4. bush, thicket
  5. anthill
  6. (Islay) stool
  7. volume of a book
  8. bank
  9. grave
  10. (medicine, rare) the plague
  11. conical knoll

SloveneEdit

PronunciationEdit

NounEdit

tọ̑m m inan

  1. tome

InflectionEdit

Masculine inan., hard o-stem
nom. sing. tóm
gen. sing. tóma
singular dual plural
nominative tóm tóma tómi
accusative tóm tóma tóme
genitive tóma tómov tómov
dative tómu tómoma tómom
locative tómu tómih tómih
instrumental tómom tómoma tómi

See alsoEdit

Further readingEdit

  • “tom”, in Slovarji Inštituta za slovenski jezik Frana Ramovša ZRC SAZU, portal Fran

SwedishEdit

Etymology 1Edit

From Old Norse tómr.

PronunciationEdit

AdjectiveEdit

tom (comparative tommare, superlative tommast)

  1. empty
    tomma tunnor skramlar mest
    empty barrels make the most noise (those who complain most vigorously, are the least important)
DeclensionEdit
Inflection of tom
Indefinite Positive Comparative Superlative2
Common singular tom tommare tommast
Neuter singular tomt tommare tommast
Plural tomma tommare tommast
Masculine plural3 tomme tommare tommast
Definite Positive Comparative Superlative
Masculine singular1 tomme tommare tommaste
All tomma tommare tommaste
1) Only used, optionally, to refer to things whose natural gender is masculine.
2) The indefinite superlative forms are only used in the predicative.
3) Dated or archaic
AntonymsEdit
Related termsEdit

Etymology 2Edit

Used in Swedish since 1697. From French tome, Latin tomus (“section of larger work”), from Ancient Greek τόμος (tómos, “section, roll of papyrus, volume”), from τέμνω (témnō, “I cut, separate”). Cognate with English tome.

PronunciationEdit

NounEdit

tom c

  1. A tome, a volume (in a series of books), a (thick) book.
DeclensionEdit
Declension of tom 
Singular Plural
Indefinite Definite Indefinite Definite
Nominative tom tomen tomer tomerna
Genitive toms tomens tomers tomernas
Derived termsEdit

ReferencesEdit

AnagramsEdit

TernateEdit

 
tom

EtymologyEdit

From Javanese ꦠꦺꦴꦩ꧀ (tom), from Old Javanese tom.

PronunciationEdit

NounEdit

tom (Jawi توم‎)

  1. indigo (Indigofera tinctoria)

ReferencesEdit

  • Frederik Sigismund Alexander de Clercq (1890) Bijdragen tot de kennis der Residentie Ternate, E.J. Brill
  • Rika Hayami-Allen (2001) A descriptive study of the language of Ternate, the northern Moluccas, Indonesia, University of Pittsburgh

WestrobothnianEdit

EtymologyEdit

From Old Norse tómr (“empty,”) from Proto-Germanic *tōmaz, of unknown origin.

AdjectiveEdit

tom (neuter tomt)

  1. empty
  2. bare
  3. hungry; stingy
  4. beggarly

Derived termsEdit

NounEdit

tom n (definite tomä)

  1. time, spare time, enough time (to do something)
    Ja ha nåkt óm tomä ― I’m short on time.

See alsoEdit

ZuniEdit

PronounEdit

tom

  1. Second person singular possessive (medial position)
    your
  2. Second person singular object
    you

Related termsEdit

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