tom
EnglishEdit
PronunciationEdit
Etymology 1Edit
From generic use of the proper name Tom.
NounEdit
tom (plural toms)
- The intact male of the domesticated cat.
- The male of the turkey.
- The male of the orangutan.
- The male of certain other animals.
- (Britain, slang) A female prostitute.
- (US, slang) A lesbian.
- (music) Clipping of tom-tom.
- (obsolete) The jack of trumps in the card game gleek.
- (UK, regional, obsolete) A close-stool.
SynonymsEdit
- (male cat): tomcat, he-cat
- (male turkey): turkey-cock
- (male of other animals): male
- (prostitute): See also Thesaurus:prostitute
Coordinate termsEdit
(intact male cat):
Derived termsEdit
TranslationsEdit
|
Etymology 2Edit
Shortened from tomato
NounEdit
tom (plural toms)
- (Britain, greengrocers' slang) A tomato (the fruit).
- Toms 90p a pound
- 2009, Mark Penny, Jonathan Penny, The Golden Pig (page 160)
- “I'd like sausage, eggs, bacon, toms, mushies, beans – oh, and some fried bread,” said Mike.
Etymology 3Edit
Rhyming slang from tomfoolery.
NounEdit
tom (uncountable)
Etymology 4Edit
From Uncle Tom.
VerbEdit
tom (third-person singular simple present toms, present participle tomming, simple past and past participle tommed)
- (intransitive, derogatory, of a black person) To act in an obsequiously servile manner toward white authority.
Etymology 5Edit
VerbEdit
tom (third-person singular simple present toms, present participle tomming, simple past and past participle tommed)
- (nautical) To dig out a hole below the hatch cover of a bulker and fill it with cargo or weights to aid stability.
AnagramsEdit
DanishEdit
EtymologyEdit
From Old Norse tómr, from Proto-Germanic *tōmaz (“empty”) .
PronunciationEdit
AdjectiveEdit
tom (neuter tomt, plural and definite singular attributive tomme)
ReferencesEdit
- “tom” in Den Danske Ordbog
FinnishEdit
EtymologyEdit
PronunciationEdit
NounEdit
tom
DeclensionEdit
Inflection of tom (Kotus type 5/risti, no gradation) | |||
---|---|---|---|
nominative | tom | tomit | |
genitive | tomin | tomien | |
partitive | tomia | tomeja | |
illative | tomiin | tomeihin | |
singular | plural | ||
nominative | tom | tomit | |
accusative | nom. | tom | tomit |
gen. | tomin | ||
genitive | tomin | tomien | |
partitive | tomia | tomeja | |
inessive | tomissa | tomeissa | |
elative | tomista | tomeista | |
illative | tomiin | tomeihin | |
adessive | tomilla | tomeilla | |
ablative | tomilta | tomeilta | |
allative | tomille | tomeille | |
essive | tomina | tomeina | |
translative | tomiksi | tomeiksi | |
instructive | — | tomein | |
abessive | tomitta | tomeitta | |
comitative | — | tomeineen |
Possessive forms of tom (type risti) | ||
---|---|---|
possessor | singular | plural |
1st person | tomini | tomimme |
2nd person | tomisi | tominne |
3rd person | tominsa |
IrishEdit
PronunciationEdit
- (Munster) IPA(key): /t̪ˠoumˠ/
- (Galway) IPA(key): /t̪ˠuːmˠ/
- (Mayo) IPA(key): /t̪ˠʊmˠ/
- (Ulster) IPA(key): /t̪ˠʌmˠ/
Etymology 1Edit
From Old Irish tom (“bush, tuft; hillock, knoll”).
NounEdit
tom m (genitive singular toim, nominative plural toim or tomacha)
DeclensionEdit
- Alternative plural: tomacha (Cois Fharraige)
Derived termsEdit
- tomach (“bushy; tufted”)
Etymology 2Edit
NounEdit
tom m (genitive singular toma, nominative plural tomanna)
- Alternative form of taom (“fit, paroxysm”)
DeclensionEdit
Etymology 3Edit
VerbEdit
tom (present analytic tomann, future analytic tomfaidh, verbal noun tomadh, past participle tomtha)
- Alternative form of tum (“dip, immerse”)
ConjugationEdit
* Indirect relative
† Archaic or dialect form
‡‡ Dependent form used with particles that trigger eclipsis
MutationEdit
Irish mutation | ||
---|---|---|
Radical | Lenition | Eclipsis |
tom | thom | dtom |
Note: Some of these forms may be hypothetical. Not every possible mutated form of every word actually occurs. |
JavaneseEdit
Other scripts | |
---|---|
Carakan | ꦠꦺꦴꦩ꧀ |
Roman | tom |
EtymologyEdit
From Old Javanese tom, from Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *taʀum.
NounEdit
tom
- indigo (plant)
DescendantsEdit
- → Ternate: tom
Further readingEdit
- “[ tom]” in Bausastra Jawa, Yogyakarta: The Linguistic Center of Yogyakarta [Balai Bahasa Provinsi Yogyakarta].
KomoEdit
NounEdit
tom
Lower SorbianEdit
PronunciationEdit
DeterminerEdit
tom
MaranaoEdit
NounEdit
tom
- human body louse
Middle EnglishEdit
Etymology 1Edit
AdjectiveEdit
tom
- Alternative form of tome (“empty”)
Etymology 2Edit
NounEdit
tom (uncountable)
- Alternative form of tome (“freetime”)
Etymology 3Edit
AdjectiveEdit
tom
- (Southwest, southern West Midlands) Alternative form of tame (“tame”)
Norwegian BokmålEdit
EtymologyEdit
AdjectiveEdit
tom (neuter singular tomt, definite singular and plural tomme, comparative tommere, indefinite superlative tommest, definite superlative tommeste)
Derived termsEdit
Related termsEdit
ReferencesEdit
- “tom” in The Bokmål Dictionary.
Norwegian NynorskEdit
Etymology 1Edit
PronunciationEdit
AdjectiveEdit
tom (neuter singular tomt, definite singular and plural tomme, comparative tommare, indefinite superlative tommast, definite superlative tommaste)
Derived termsEdit
Related termsEdit
Etymology 2Edit
NounEdit
tom m (definite singular tommen, indefinite plural tommar, definite plural tommane)
Derived termsEdit
ReferencesEdit
- “tom” in The Nynorsk Dictionary.
AnagramsEdit
OksapminEdit
NounEdit
tom
ReferencesEdit
- Robyn Loughnane, A Grammar of Oksapmin (April 2009), page 58
Old EnglishEdit
EtymologyEdit
From Proto-Germanic *tōmaz (“empty”). Akin to Old Norse tómr (“empty”), whence Icelandic tómur (“empty”).
PronunciationEdit
AdjectiveEdit
tōm
- empty
- (figuratively) free from
- Ðæt hīe mōstun mānweorca tōme lifgan and tīres blǣd ēcne āgan.
- That they might live free from wicked works and own the eternal reward of glory.
DeclensionEdit
Singular | Masculine | Feminine | Neuter |
---|---|---|---|
Nominative | tōm | tōm | tōm |
Accusative | tōmne | tōme | tōm |
Genitive | tōmes | tōmre | tōmes |
Dative | tōmum | tōmre | tōmum |
Instrumental | tōme | tōmre | tōme |
Plural | Masculine | Feminine | Neuter |
Nominative | tōme | tōma, tōme | tōm |
Accusative | tōme | tōma, tōme | tōm |
Genitive | tōmra | tōmra | tōmra |
Dative | tōmum | tōmum | tōmum |
Instrumental | tōmum | tōmum | tōmum |
DescendantsEdit
Old JavaneseEdit
EtymologyEdit
From Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *taʀum.
NounEdit
tom
- indigo (plant)
DescendantsEdit
ReferencesEdit
- "tom" in P.J. Zoetmulder with the collaboration of S.O. Robson, Old Javanese-English Dictionary. 's-Gravenhage: M. Nijhoff, 1982.
PolishEdit
EtymologyEdit
Borrowed from Latin tomus, from Ancient Greek τόμος (tómos).
PronunciationEdit
NounEdit
tom m inan (diminutive tomik, augmentative tomisko or tomiszcze)
DeclensionEdit
Further readingEdit
- tom in Wielki słownik języka polskiego, Instytut Języka Polskiego PAN
- tom in Polish dictionaries at PWN
PortugueseEdit
EtymologyEdit
Probably a semi-learned borrowing from Latin tonus (and influenced by som; compare the Spanish ton, variant of the standard tono, which underwent a similar change, influenced by son, respectively), from Ancient Greek τόνος (tónos, “tone”), from τείνω (teínō, “to stretch”). Cf. also trom, a possible doublet.
PronunciationEdit
- Rhymes: -õ
- Hyphenation: tom
NounEdit
tom m (plural tons)
- tone or pitch (property of sound determined by the frequency)
- (music) tone (interval of a major second)
- (music) key
See alsoEdit
RomanianEdit
EtymologyEdit
From French tome, from Latin tomus.
NounEdit
tom n (plural tomuri)
DeclensionEdit
Scottish GaelicEdit
PronunciationEdit
NounEdit
tom m (genitive singular tuim, plural toman or tomannan)
- round hillock or knoll, rising ground, swell, green eminence
- any round heap
- tuft of anything
- bush, thicket
- anthill
- (Islay) stool
- volume of a book
- bank
- grave
- (medicine, rare) the plague
- conical knoll
SloveneEdit
PronunciationEdit
NounEdit
tọ̑m m inan
InflectionEdit
Masculine inan., hard o-stem | |||
---|---|---|---|
nom. sing. | tóm | ||
gen. sing. | tóma | ||
singular | dual | plural | |
nominative | tóm | tóma | tómi |
accusative | tóm | tóma | tóme |
genitive | tóma | tómov | tómov |
dative | tómu | tómoma | tómom |
locative | tómu | tómih | tómih |
instrumental | tómom | tómoma | tómi |
See alsoEdit
Further readingEdit
- “tom”, in Slovarji Inštituta za slovenski jezik Frana Ramovša ZRC SAZU, portal Fran
SwedishEdit
Etymology 1Edit
PronunciationEdit
AdjectiveEdit
tom (comparative tommare, superlative tommast)
- empty
- tomma tunnor skramlar mest
- empty barrels make the most noise (those who complain most vigorously, are the least important)
DeclensionEdit
Inflection of tom | |||
---|---|---|---|
Indefinite | Positive | Comparative | Superlative2 |
Common singular | tom | tommare | tommast |
Neuter singular | tomt | tommare | tommast |
Plural | tomma | tommare | tommast |
Masculine plural3 | tomme | tommare | tommast |
Definite | Positive | Comparative | Superlative |
Masculine singular1 | tomme | tommare | tommaste |
All | tomma | tommare | tommaste |
1) Only used, optionally, to refer to things whose natural gender is masculine. 2) The indefinite superlative forms are only used in the predicative. 3) Dated or archaic |
AntonymsEdit
Related termsEdit
Etymology 2Edit
Used in Swedish since 1697. From French tome, Latin tomus (“section of larger work”), from Ancient Greek τόμος (tómos, “section, roll of papyrus, volume”), from τέμνω (témnō, “I cut, separate”). Cognate with English tome.
PronunciationEdit
NounEdit
tom c
DeclensionEdit
Declension of tom | ||||
---|---|---|---|---|
Singular | Plural | |||
Indefinite | Definite | Indefinite | Definite | |
Nominative | tom | tomen | tomer | tomerna |
Genitive | toms | tomens | tomers | tomernas |
Derived termsEdit
ReferencesEdit
AnagramsEdit
TernateEdit
EtymologyEdit
From Javanese ꦠꦺꦴꦩ꧀ (tom), from Old Javanese tom.
PronunciationEdit
NounEdit
tom (Jawi توم)
ReferencesEdit
- Frederik Sigismund Alexander de Clercq (1890) Bijdragen tot de kennis der Residentie Ternate, E.J. Brill
- Rika Hayami-Allen (2001) A descriptive study of the language of Ternate, the northern Moluccas, Indonesia, University of Pittsburgh
WestrobothnianEdit
EtymologyEdit
From Old Norse tómr (“empty,”) from Proto-Germanic *tōmaz, of unknown origin.
AdjectiveEdit
tom (neuter tomt)
Derived termsEdit
NounEdit
tom n (definite tomä)
- time, spare time, enough time (to do something)
- Ja ha nåkt óm tomä ― I’m short on time.
See alsoEdit
ZuniEdit
PronounEdit
tom
- Second person singular possessive (medial position)
- Second person singular object