Reconstruction:Proto-Ryukyuan/kuru

This Proto-Ryukyuan entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-Ryukyuan

Etymology

From Proto-Japonic *kuru (“painful, stressful, suffering”).

Adjective

*kuru

1. painful, stressful, suffering

   Synonym: *kutu

Descendants

• Northern Ryukyuan:
  • Kikai: 苦さい (-gurusai) (only used as a suffix)
  • Kunigami: 苦ーせん (-gurūsen, -gurīsen) (only used as a suffix)
  • Northern Amami-Oshima: 苦しゃり (xurushari)
  • Okinawan: 苦さん (kurisan)
  • Oki-No-Erabu: 苦しゃん (gurushan)
  • Southern Amami-Oshima: 苦しさむっ (gurushisam) (possibly a Japanese loanword)
  • Toku-No-Shima: 苦しゃい (xurushai), 苦い (goroi)
  • Yoron: 苦しゃん (gusshan, gurushan)
• Southern Ryukyuan:
  • Miyako: 苦 (guri)
  • Yaeyama: 苦しゃーん (kurishān)
  • ⇒ Yonaguni: 息苦さん (itigurisan) (< *eki-guri-sa)