Reconstruction:Proto-Semitic/matḳ-

This Proto-Semitic entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-Semitic

Etymology

See *mataḳ- (“to be sweet”).

Noun

*matḳ- m or f

1. sweetness
2. something sweet

Inflection

Masculine:

Declension of *matḳ-

Case	Singular	Dual	Plural
Nominative	*matḳum	*matḳāna	plural stem + *-ūna
Genitive	*matḳim	*matḳayna	plural stem + *-īna
Accusative	*matḳam
possessive forms
1st person	*matḳī / *matḳVya	—	*matḳVni
2nd person m	*matḳVka	*matḳVkumā / *matḳVkumay	*matḳVkum(ū)
2nd person f	*matḳVki		*matḳVkin(ā)
3rd person m	*matḳVšu	*matḳVšumā / *matḳVšumay	*matḳVšum(ū)
3rd person f	*matḳVša		*matḳVšin(ā)
Note: the endings -m and -na are dropped in the bound form, which may also undergo syncopation of an unstressed final vowel where possible. Note: the ending -V before the possessive endings responds to case: *matḳuya for nom. case, *matḳiya for gen. case, *matḳaya for acc. case, etc. Declension of 2sg m. possessive form (your/thy m.) *matḳ- Singular Dual Plural Nominative *matḳuka *matḳāka plural stem + *-ūka Genitive *matḳika *matḳayka plural stem + *-īka Accusative *matḳaka Declension of 2sg f. possessive form (your/thy f.) *matḳ- Singular Dual Plural Nominative *matḳuki *matḳāki plural stem + *-ūki Genitive *matḳiki *matḳayki plural stem + *-īki Accusative *matḳaki

Feminine:

Declension of *matḳ-

Case	Singular	Dual	Plural
Nominative	*matḳum	*matḳāna	*mataḳātum
Genitive	*matḳim	*matḳayna	*mataḳātim
Accusative	*matḳam
possessive forms
1st person	*matḳī / *matḳVya	—	*matḳVni
2nd person m	*matḳVka	*matḳVkumā / *matḳVkumay	*matḳVkum(ū)
2nd person f	*matḳVki		*matḳVkin(ā)
3rd person m	*matḳVšu	*matḳVšumā / *matḳVšumay	*matḳVšum(ū)
3rd person f	*matḳVša		*matḳVšin(ā)
Note: the endings -m and -na are dropped in the bound form, which may also undergo syncopation of an unstressed final vowel where possible. Note: the ending -V before the possessive endings responds to case: *matḳuya for nom. case, *matḳiya for gen. case, *matḳaya for acc. case, etc. Declension of 2sg m. possessive form (your/thy m.) *matḳ- Singular Dual Plural Nominative *matḳuka *matḳāka *mataḳātuka Genitive *matḳika *matḳayka *mataḳātika Accusative *matḳaka Declension of 2sg f. possessive form (your/thy f.) *matḳ- Singular Dual Plural Nominative *matḳuki *matḳāki *mataḳātuki Genitive *matḳiki *matḳayki *mataḳātiki Accusative *matḳaki

Descendants

• East Semitic:
  • Akkadian: 𒃻𒈬𒌓𒆪𒌑 (mutqûm, “sweet bread”)
    • → Hittite: 𒃻𒆸𒊏𒆯𒆯 (^NINDAKUR₄.RA KU₇-KU₇ /⁠mitgaimi-⁠/, “sweet bread”) (if not the other way around)
    • → Luwian: 𒈪𒀉𒂵𒄿𒈪 (mi-it-ga-i-mi /⁠mitgaimi-⁠/, “sweet(ened)”)
• West Semitic:
  • Central Semitic:
    • Northwest Semitic:
      • Canaanite:
        • Hebrew: מֹתֶק (mótek, mṓṯeq), מֶתֶק (métek, méṯeq)
  • Ethiopian Semitic:
    • Ge'ez: መተቀ (mätäḳä)

Adjective

*matḳ-

1. sweet

Inflection

Declension of *matḳ-

Case	Singular		Dual		Plural
	m	f	m	f	m	f
Nominative	*matḳum	*matḳatum	*matḳāna	*matḳatāna	*matḳūna	*matḳātum
Genitive	*matḳim	*matḳatim	*matḳayna	*matḳatayna	*matḳīna	*matḳātim
Accusative	*matḳam	*matḳatam

Descendants

• East Semitic:
  • Akkadian: 𒆯𒆯 (matqum)
• West Semitic:
  • Central Semitic:
    • Northwest Semitic:
      • Aramaic:
        • Classical Syriac: ܡܬܩ (məṯaq)
      • Canaanite:
        • Hebrew: מָתוֹק (matók, māṯôq)
      • Ugaritic: 𐎎𐎚𐎖 (mtq /⁠mataqu⁠/)
  • Ethiopian Semitic:
    • Ge'ez: መተቀ (mätäḳä)
  • Modern South Arabian:
    • Soqotri: meṭuq
    • Mehri: maṭaq