Reconstruction:Proto-Semitic/mataḳ-

This Proto-Semitic entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-Semitic

Etymology

Orel and Stolbova suggest Proto-Afroasiatic *mVtaḳ- (“be sweet”) as ancestor, with Mafa mtake (“sweet”) as only non-Semitic cognate.^[1]

Possibly related to Proto-Indo-European *médʰu (“honey”).^[2]

Verb

*mataḳ-

to be sweet
to make sweet, sweeten

Conjugation

Conjugation of Proto-Semitic/mataḳ- (paʕala)

		singular				dual			plural
verbal noun					*matḳ-
active participle					*mātiḳ-
passive participle					matīḳ-, matūḳ-
		1^st person	2^nd person	3^rd person		1^st person	2^nd person	3^rd person	1^st person	2^nd person	3^rd person
perfect	m	*mataḳku	*mataḳka	*mataḳa		*mataḳkayā	*mataḳkā	*mataḳā	*mataḳna	*mataḳkanu	*mataḳū
perfect	f	*mataḳku	*mataḳki	*mataḳat		*mataḳkayā	*mataḳkā	*mataḳatā	*mataḳna	*mataḳkina	*mataḳā

imperfect	m	*ʔamtiḳ	*tamtiḳ	*yimtiḳ			*tamtiḳā	*yamtiḳā	*nimtiḳ	*tamtiḳū	*yimtiḳū
imperfect	f	*ʔamtiḳ	*tamtiḳī	*tamtiḳ			*tamtiḳā	*tamtiḳā	*nimtiḳ	*tamtiḳā	*yimtiḳā

imperative	m		*matiḳ				*matiḳā			*matiḳū
imperative	f		*matiḳī				*matiḳā			*matiḳā

Related terms

*matḳ- (“sweetness; sweet (adj.)”)

Descendants

East Semitic:
- Akkadian: 𒈠𒋫𒄣 (matāqum)
West Semitic:
- Central Semitic:
  - Northwest Semitic:
    - Aramaic:
      Jewish Babylonian Aramaic: מתק (matteq)
    - Canaanite:
      - Hebrew: מתק (mtq)
- Ethiopian Semitic:
  - Ge'ez: መተቀ (mätäḳä)

References

^ Orel, Vladimir E., Stolbova, Olga V. (1995) “*mVtaḳ-”, in Hamito-Semitic Etymological Dictionary: Materials for a Reconstruction (Handbuch der Orientalistik; I.18), Leiden, New York, Köln: E.J. Brill, § 1818
^ Mallory, J. P., Adams, D. Q. (2006) The Oxford introduction to Proto-Indo-European and the Proto-Indo-European world, Oxford University Press, pages 82-83: “Proto-Semitic *mVtk- ‘sweet’” ... "The correspondences between Indo-European and Semitic are generally explained as flowing from Semitic into Indo-European at the level of the Indo-European proto-language itself."

[1] Orel, Vladimir E., Stolbova, Olga V. (1995) “*mVtaḳ-”, in Hamito-Semitic Etymological Dictionary: Materials for a Reconstruction (Handbuch der Orientalistik; I.18), Leiden, New York, Köln: E.J. Brill, § 1818

[TOitPIEatPIEw-2] Mallory, J. P., Adams, D. Q. (2006) The Oxford introduction to Proto-Indo-European and the Proto-Indo-European world, Oxford University Press, pages 82-83: “Proto-Semitic *mVtk- ‘sweet’” ... "The correspondences between Indo-European and Semitic are generally explained as flowing from Semitic into Indo-European at the level of the Indo-European proto-language itself."

[1]

[2]