Reconstruction:Proto-Slavic/čapľa

This Proto-Slavic entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-Slavic

Etymology

From earlier *čapja, from *čapati, thus originally meaning "grabber".

Noun

*čapľa f

heron

Declension

Declension of *čapľa (soft a-stem)

	singular	dual	plural
nominative	*čapľa	*čapľi	*čapľę̇
genitive	*čapľę̇	*čapľu	*čapľь
dative	*čapľi	*čapľama	*čapľamъ
accusative	*čapľǫ	*čapľi	*čapľę̇
instrumental	čapľejǫ, čapľǫ^**	*čapľama	*čapľami
locative	*čapľi	*čapľu	čapľasъ, čapľaxъ^*
vocative	*čapľe	*čapľi	*čapľę̇

^* -asъ is the expected Balto-Slavic form but is found only in some Old Czech documents; -axъ is found everywhere else and is formed by analogy with other locative plurals in -xъ.
^** The second form occurs in languages that contract early across /j/ (e.g. Czech), while the first form occurs in languages that do not (e.g. Russian).

Descendants

East Slavic:
- Belarusian: ча́пля (čáplja)
- Russian: ца́пля (cáplja), ча́пля (čáplja), чапу́ра (čapúra)
- Ukrainian: ча́пля (čáplja)
South Slavic:
- Bulgarian: ча́пла (čápla)
- Macedonian: ча́пја (čápja)
- Serbo-Croatian:
  Cyrillic script: ча̏пља
  
  Latin script: čȁplja
- Slovene: čȃplja (tonal orthography)
West Slavic:
- Old Czech: čiepě, čěpě
  - Czech: čáp, čapla
- Polish: czapla
- Pomeranian:
  - Kashubian: czapla
  - Slovincian: czapla
- Sorbian:
  - Upper Sorbian: čapla, čapula
  - Lower Sorbian: capla

Vasmer, Max (1964–1973) “цапля”, in Oleg Trubachyov, transl., Этимологический словарь русского языка [Etymological Dictionary of the Russian Language] (in Russian), Moscow: Progress
Trubachyov, Oleg, editor (1977), “*čapja”, in Этимологический словарь славянских языков [Etymological dictionary of Slavic languages] (in Russian), numbers 4 (*čaběniti – *děľa), Moscow: Nauka, page 19
Sławski, Franciszek, editor (1976), “*čapľa”, in Słownik prasłowiański [Proto-Slavic Dictionary] (in Polish), volumes 2 (caca – davьnota), Wrocław: Ossolineum, page 111