Reconstruction:Proto-Slavic/žarъ

This Proto-Slavic entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-Slavic

Etymology

From an earlier *žěrъ < *gērъ, likely a re-analyzed form of the s-stem Proto-Indo-European *gʷʰéros. Akin to Old Armenian ջեր (ǰer), Ancient Greek θέρος (théros), Vedic Sanskrit हरस् (háras).

Noun

*žãrъ or *žȃrъ m^[1]^[2]^[3]

glow, heat

Declension

Declension of *žãrъ (hard o-stem, accent paradigm b)

	singular	dual	plural
nominative	*žãrъ	*žārà	*žārì
genitive	*žārà	*žārù	*žãrъ
dative	*žārù	*žāròma	*žāròmъ
accusative	*žãrъ	*žārà	*žārỳ
instrumental	žārъ̀mь, žāròmь^*	*žāròma	*žãry
locative	*žārě̀	*žārù	*žãrěxъ
vocative	*žare	*žārà	*žārì

^* -ъmь in North Slavic, -omь in South Slavic.

Declension of *žȃrъ (hard o-stem, accent paradigm c)

	singular	dual	plural
nominative	*žȃrъ	*žȃra	*žȃri
genitive	*žȃra	*žarù	*žãrъ
dative	*žȃru	*žaromà	*žaròmъ
accusative	*žȃrъ	*žȃra	*žȃry
instrumental	žȃrъmь, žȃromь^*	*žaromà	*žarý
locative	*žȃrě	*žarù	*žarě̃xъ
vocative	*žare	*žȃra	*žȃri

^* -ъmь in North Slavic, -omь in South Slavic.

Descendants

East Slavic:
- Old East Slavic: жаръ (žarŭ)
  - Old Ruthenian: жаръ (žar)
    - Belarusian: жар (žar)
    - Ukrainian: жар (žar)
  - Russian: жар (žar)
    - → Ingrian: žaaru
    - → Kildin Sami: жоарр (žårr)
South Slavic:
- Bulgarian: жар (žar)
- Macedonian: жар (žar)
- Serbo-Croatian:
  Cyrillic script: жа̑р
  
  Latin script: žȃr
- Slovene: žȃr (tonal orthography)
West Slavic:
- Czech: žár
- Old Polish: żar
  - Polish: żar
- Slovak: žiar
- Sorbian:
  - Upper Sorbian: žar

Non-Slavic:
- → Hungarian: zsarátnok
- → Romanian: jar

References

^ Derksen, Rick (2008) “*žarъ”, in Etymological Dictionary of the Slavic Inherited Lexicon (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 4), Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 554: “m. o (b/c) ‘glow, heat’”
^ Olander, Thomas (2001) “žarъ”, in Common Slavic Accentological Word List‎^[1], Copenhagen: Editiones Olander: “d hede, glød (PR 137; RPT 99, 101, 103)”
^ Snoj, Marko (2016) “žȃr”, in Slovenski etimološki slovar [Slovenian Etymology Dictionary] (in Slovene), 3rd edition, https://fran.si: “*žarъ̏”

[1] Derksen, Rick (2008) “*žarъ”, in Etymological Dictionary of the Slavic Inherited Lexicon (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 4), Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 554: “m. o (b/c) ‘glow, heat’”

[2] Olander, Thomas (2001) “žarъ”, in Common Slavic Accentological Word List‎^[1], Copenhagen: Editiones Olander: “d hede, glød (PR 137; RPT 99, 101, 103)”

[3] Snoj, Marko (2016) “žȃr”, in Slovenski etimološki slovar [Slovenian Etymology Dictionary] (in Slovene), 3rd edition, https://fran.si: “*žarъ̏”

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