Proto-Slavic
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Etymology
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Earlier root-stem form of Proto-Slavic *žьvati ( “ to chew ” ) , from Proto-Indo-European *ǵyewh₁- . Akin to Proto-Germanic *kewwaną ( “ to chew ” ) , Tocharian B śuwaṃ ( “ to eat ” ) .
*žuti pf or impf [1]
to chew , to gnaw , to masticate
Inflection
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Verbal noun
Infinitive
Supine
L-participle
*žutьje
*žuti
*žutъ
*žulъ
Participles
Tense
Past
Present
Passive
*žutъ
—
Active
*žuvъ
—
Aorist
Present
Person
1st
2nd
3rd
1st
2nd
3rd
Singular
*žuxъ
*žu
*žu
*žьvǫ
*žьveši
*žьvetь
Dual
*žuxově
*žusta
*žuste
*žьvevě
*žьveta
*žьvete
Plural
*žuxomъ
*žuste
*žušę
*žьvemъ
*žьvete
*žьvǫtь
Imperfect
Imperative
Person
1st
2nd
3rd
1st
2nd
3rd
Singular
—
—
—
—
*žьvi
*žьvi
Dual
—
—
—
*žьvěvě
*žьvěta
—
Plural
—
—
—
*žьvěmъ
*žьvěte
—
Notes: In perfective verbs, present expresses future
Within some daughter languages (partially blended with *žьvati ):
Conjugation of
*žuti, *žu, *žujetь (
impf. ,
-V- , s-aorist, accent paradigm c)
Verbal noun
Infinitive
Supine
L-participle
*žutьje
*žuti
*žutъ
*žulъ
Participles
Tense
Past
Present
Passive
*žutъ
*žujemъ
Active
*žuvъ
*žuję
Aorist
Present
Person
1st
2nd
3rd
1st
2nd
3rd
Singular
*žuxъ
*žu
*žu
*žujǫ
*žuješi
*žujetь
Dual
*žuxově
*žusta
*žuste
*žujevě
*žujeta
*žujete
Plural
*žuxomъ
*žuste
*žušę
*žujemъ
*žujete
*žujǫtь
Imperfect
Imperative
Person
1st
2nd
3rd
1st
2nd
3rd
Singular
*žujaaxъ
*žujaaše
*žujaaše
—
*žuji
*žuji
Dual
*žujaaxově
*žujaašeta
*žujaašete
*žujivě
*žujita
—
Plural
*žujaaxomъ
*žujaašete
*žujaaxǫ
*žujimъ
*žujite
—
Derived terms
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Descendants
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East Slavic:
Old Ukrainian: жути ( žuti )
Ukrainian: жу́ти ( žúty ) ( obsolescent )
South Slavic:
Bulgarian: жва pf ( žva ) , жву́я impf ( žvúja ) ( obsolescent, dialectal )
⇒ Bulgarian: жево́ля ( ževólja , “ to grind with teeth ” )
Macedonian: жве ( žve ) ( obsolete )
West Slavic:
Further reading
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Vasmer, Max (1964–1973 ) “жевать ”, in Oleg Trubachyov , transl., Этимологический словарь русского языка [Etymological Dictionary of the Russian Language ] (in Russian), Moscow: Progress
Chernykh, P. Ja. (1993 ) “жевать ”, in Историко-этимологический словарь русского языка [Historical-Etymological Dictionary of the Russian Language ] (in Russian), 3rd edition, volumes 1 (а – пантомима) , Moscow: Russian Lang., →ISBN , page 294
Georgiev, Vladimir I. , editor (1971 ), “жеволя ”, in Български етимологичен речник [Bulgarian Etymological Dictionary ] (in Bulgarian), volumes 1 (А – З ), Sofia: Bulgarian Academy of Sciences Pubg. House, →ISBN , page 529
А. В. Зеленин , Д. В. Руднев (2018 ) “Связочный глагол слыть: история модализации ”, in Русский язык в научном освещении , number 1 (35) , Moscow: ИРЯ РАН , page 87
Miguel Villanueva Svensson (2011 ) “The accentuation of the infinitive type Latv. kal̃t, Sl. *kőlti and the development of Indo-European molō-presents in Balto-Slavic ”, in Baltistica , →ISSN , page 311
References
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^ Olander, Thomas (2001 ) “žuti: ? [ žьvǫ žьvetь] / [ žijǫ žijetь] ”, in Common Slavic Accentological Word List [1] , Copenhagen: Editiones Olander: “c (SA 204, 207, 238; PR 139) ”
^ František Št. Kott (1887 ) “žuti ”, in Česko-německý slovník zvláště grammaticko-fraseologický (in Czech), Prague: František Šimáček , page 879
^ František Št. Kott (1887 ) “2. žíti ”, in Česko-německý slovník zvláště grammaticko-fraseologický (in Czech), Prague: František Šimáček , page 838
^ Muka, Arnošt (1928 ) “žuś ”, in Słownik dolnoserbskeje rěcy a jeje narěcow (in German), volume 2, Prague: ČAVU , page 1162 ; Reprinted Bautzen: Domowina-Verlag, 2008