Reconstruction:Proto-Slavic/bydlo

This Proto-Slavic entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-Slavic

Etymology

From Proto-Balto-Slavic *bū́ˀtla, from Proto-Indo-European *bʰuH-tlom, from *bʰuH- +‎ *-tlom. Equivalent to *byti (“to be”) +‎ *-dlo (“instrumental suffix”).

Noun

*bydlò n

1. dwelling, abode

   Synonyms: *obydlo, *obitělь

2. possessions, cattle

   Synonym: *dobytъkъ

Declension

Declension of *bȳdlò (hard o-stem, accent paradigm b)

	Singular	Dual	Plural
Nominative	*bȳdlò	*bỹdlě	*bȳdlà
Accusative	*bȳdlò	*bỹdlě	*bȳdlà
Genitive	*bȳdlà	*bȳdlù	*bỹdlъ
Locative	*bȳdlě̀	*bȳdlù	*bỹdlěxъ
Dative	*bȳdlù	*bȳdlòma	*bȳdlòmъ
Instrumental	*bȳdlъ̀mь, *bȳdlòmь*	*bȳdlòma	*bỹdly
Vocative	*bȳdlò	*bỹdlě	*bȳdlà

^* -ъmь in North Slavic, -omь in South Slavic.

Related terms

Proto-Slavic terms derived from the Proto-Indo-European root *bʰuH-‎ (0 c, 7 e)

Descendants

• East Slavic:
  • Russian: было́ (byló) (dialectal)
• West Slavic:
  • Old Czech: bydlo
    • Czech: bydlo
  • Old Polish: bydło
    • Polish: bydło
    • → Old East Slavic: бꙑдло (bydlo, “animal”)
      • Belarusian: бы́дла (býdla)
      • Russian: бы́дло (býdlo)
      • Ukrainian: би́дло (býdlo)
  • Slovak: bydlo
  • Slovincian: bï̂dlɵ
  • Sorbian:
    • Upper Sorbian: bydło
    • Lower Sorbian: bydło

Further reading

• Vasmer, Max (1964–1973), “быдло”, in Этимологический словарь русского языка [Etymological Dictionary of the Russian Language] (in Russian), translated from German and supplemented by Oleg Trubachyov, Moscow: Progress
• Trubachyov, Oleg, editor (1976), “*bydlo”, in Этимологический словарь славянских языков [Etymological Dictionary of Slavic Languages] (in Russian), volume 3 (*bratrьcь – *cьrky), Moscow: Nauka, page 147