Reconstruction:Proto-Slavic/lędo

This Proto-Slavic entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-Slavic

Etymology

Inherited from Proto-Balto-Slavic *lindá, from Proto-Indo-European *lendʰ- (“heath, land”). Cognate with Old Prussian lindan (“valley”).

Noun

*lę̑do n

1. heath, arid land, uncultivated field

   Antonym: *orlьja

2. (by generalization) meadow, flatland

   Synonyms: *poľe, *orvьnina

Alternative forms

• *lędъ m
• *lędь f (i-stem)

Declension

Declension of *lę̑do (hard o-stem, accent paradigm c)

	singular	dual	plural
nominative	*lę̑do	*lę̑dě	*lędà
genitive	*lę̑da	*lędù	*lę̃dъ
dative	*lę̑du	*lędomà	*lędòmъ
accusative	*lę̑do	*lę̑dě	*lędà
instrumental	*lę̑dъmь, *lę̑domь*	*lędomà	*lędý
locative	*lę̑dě	*lędù	*lędě̃xъ
vocative	*lędo	*lę̑dě	*lędà

^* -ъmь in North Slavic, -omь in South Slavic.

Derived terms

• *lędà pl
• *lędina (“barren land”)
• *lędixa (“meadow”)
• *lędokъ (“type of thristle, weed”)
• *lęděninъ, *lędiťь (“flatland dweller”)
• *lędьskъ (“landish”)

Descendants

• East Slavic:
  • Old East Slavic: лѧдо (lędo)
    • Belarusian: ля́до (ljádo)
    • Russian: ля́до (ljádo) (dialectal)
    • Ukrainian: ля́до (ljádo, “meadow within forest”)
  • Russian: ляд m (ljad, “aridity, dearth”) (dialectal)
  • Old Novgorodian: лѧдь f (lędĭ, “heathland”)
• South Slavic:
  • Bulgarian: ле́да (léda), ля́да (ljáda) (archaic, dialectal)
  • Old Croatian: leđ (“arid, unfruitful land”) (obsolete)
• West Slavic:
  • Old Czech: lado, łado
    • Czech: lado
  • >? Polish: ląd m (“land”) (more likely a German loanword)
  • Slovak: ladom (instrumental, only in: ležať ladom)
  • Sorbian:
    • Lower Sorbian: lědo
    • Upper Sorbian: lado

Further reading

• Vasmer, Max (1964–1973) “ляда”, in Oleg Trubachyov, transl., Этимологический словарь русского языка [Etymological Dictionary of the Russian Language] (in Russian), Moscow: Progress
• Trubachyov, Oleg, editor (1988), “*lędo/*lęda/*lędъ/*lędь”, in Этимологический словарь славянских языков [Etymological dictionary of Slavic languages] (in Russian), numbers 15 (*lětina – *lokačь), Moscow: Nauka, →ISBN, page 44