Reconstruction:Proto-Slavic/muxa

This Proto-Slavic entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-Slavic

Etymology

From Proto-Balto-Slavic *máušāˀ, from Proto-Indo-European *mows-eh₂, from *mows-, *mus-, *mew-. Cognate with Lithuanian mùsė, dialectal musià, Latvian muša, Latin musca, Ancient Greek μυῖα (muîa), German Mücke, English midge.

Noun

*mùxa f

1. fly

Declension

Declension of *mùxa (hard a-stem, accent paradigm a)

	singular	dual	plural
nominative	*mùxa	*mùśě	*mùxy
genitive	*mùxy	*mùxu	*mùxъ
dative	*mùśě	*mùxama	*mùxamъ
accusative	*mùxǫ	*mùśě	*mùxy
instrumental	*mùxojǫ, *mùxǭ**	*mùxama	*mùxamī
locative	*mùśě	*mùxu	*mùxasъ, *mùxaxъ*
vocative	*mùxo	*mùśě	*mùxy

^* -asъ is the expected Balto-Slavic form but is found only in some Old Czech documents; -axъ is found everywhere else and is formed by analogy with other locative plurals in -xъ.
^** The second form occurs in languages that contract early across /j/ (e.g. Czech), while the first form occurs in languages that do not (e.g. Russian).

See also

• *bǫbarъ (“beetle; bumblebee”)
• *bьčela (“bee”)
• *čьmeľь (“bumblebee”)
• *komarъ (“mosquito”)
• *muxa (“fly”)
• *osa (“wasp”)
• *sьrxy (“hornet”)
• *trǫtъ (“drone”)
• *žuža

Derived terms

• *mušica, *mъšica

Descendants

• East Slavic:
  • Belarusian: му́ха (múxa)
  • Russian: му́ха (múxa)
  • Ukrainian: му́ха (múxa)
• South Slavic:
  • Old Church Slavonic:

    Cyrillic: моуха (muxa)

    Glagolitic: ⰿⱆⱈⰰ (muxa)

  • Bulgarian: муха́ (muhá)
  • Macedonian: мува (muva)
  • Serbo-Croatian:

    Cyrillic script: му̀ха, му̀ва

    Latin: mùha, mùva

  • Slovene: múha (tonal orthography)
• West Slavic:
  • Old Czech: múcha
    • Czech: moucha
  • Kashubian: mùcha
  • Polabian: mauxo
  • Polish: mucha
  • Slovak: mucha
  • Sorbian:
    • Lower Sorbian: mucha
    • Upper Sorbian: mucha

Further reading

• Vasmer, Max (1964–1973) “му́ха”, in Oleg Trubachyov, transl., Этимологический словарь русского языка [Etymological Dictionary of the Russian Language] (in Russian), Moscow: Progress