Reconstruction:Proto-Slavic/oldi

This Proto-Slavic entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-Slavic

*oldi

Etymology

From Proto-Balto-Slavic *aldjāˀ, from Proto-Indo-European *h₂oldʰeh₂; *h₂eldʰeh₂.

Baltic cognates include Lithuanian eldijà, aldijà (“hollowed out tree trunk, canoe”).

Indo-European cognates include Old English ealdoht, aldaht (“trough, vessel”), Proto-Germanic *aldǭ (“trough, hollow (of a tree)”), German alden (“furrow”) (dialectal), Tocharian B olyi (“vessel, ship, boat”) (< *oldy-). The Early Slavs used dugout canoes.

Noun

*oldi f

1. boat, vessel

Declension

Declension of *oldi (ī-stem)

	Singular	Dual	Plural
Nominative	*oldi	*oldьji	*oldьję̇
Accusative	*oldьjǫ	*oldьji	*oldьję̇
Genitive	*oldьję̇	*oldьju	*oldьjь
Locative	*oldьji	*oldьju	*oldьjasъ, *oldьjaxъ*
Dative	*oldьji	*oldьjama	*oldьjamъ
Instrumental	*oldьjejǫ, *oldьjǫ**	*oldьjama	*oldьjami
Vocative	*oldьje	*oldьji	*oldьję̇

^* -asъ is the expected Balto-Slavic form but is found only in some Old Czech documents; -axъ is found everywhere else and is formed by analogy with other locative plurals in -xъ.
^** The second form occurs in languages that contract early across /j/ (e.g. Czech), while the first form occurs in languages that do not (e.g. Russian).

Alternative forms

• *oldьji
• *oldьja

Derived terms

• *oldica
• *oldъka
• *oldyga (“stalk”)
  • *oldyžьka
• *oldьjьka / *oldьjьca
• *oldьjьnъ
  • *oldьjьnikъ
• *oldьnъ
  • *oldьnikъ

Related terms

• *oldy
• *oldьje

Descendants

• East Slavic:
  • Old East Slavic: лоди (lodi), лодь (lodĭ), лодьꙗ (lodĭja), алъдиꙗ (alŭdija)
    • Old Belarusian: лодья (lodʹja)
    • Russian: лодь (lodʹ), ладья́ (ladʹjá), олдья́ (oldʹjá), dial. ло́дья (lódʹja), ло́дка (lódka)
      • → Middle High German: loddie, loddige
      • → Swedish: lodja
      • → Norwegian Bokmål: lodje
      • → Baltic German: Lodje
  • Old Ukrainian: лодь (lodʹ)
    • Ukrainian: лодь (lodʹ), ло́дя (lódja)
• South Slavic:
  • Old Church Slavonic: ладии (ladij), ал(ъ)дии (al(ŭ)dij)
    • → Old East Slavic: ладиꙗ (ladija)
  • Bulgarian: ла́дия (ládija)
  • Macedonian: лаѓа (laǵa)
  • Serbo-Croatian:

    Cyrillic: ла̑ђа

    Latin: lȃđa

  • Slovene: ládja (tonal orthography)
• West Slavic:
  • Old Czech: lodí, łođie
    • Czech: loď
  • Polabian: lüďă
  • Old Polish: łodzia
    • Polish: łódź
  • Old Slovak: lodí
    • Slovak: loď
  • Slovincian: łoʒa
  • Sorbian:
    • Upper Sorbian: łódź
    • Lower Sorbian: łoź

Further reading

• Vasmer, Max (1964–1973), “лодка”, in Этимологический словарь русского языка [Etymological Dictionary of the Russian Language] (in Russian), translated from German and supplemented by Oleg Trubachyov, Moscow: Progress
• Chernykh, Pavel (1999), “ладья”, in Историко-этимологический словарь русского языка [Historical-Etymological Dictionary of the Russian Language] (in Russian), volume 1, 3rd reprint edition, Moscow: Russian Language, page 463
• Trubachyov, Oleg, Zhuravlev, A. F., editors (2005), “*oldi / *oldьji? *oldьja”, in Этимологический словарь славянских языков [Etymological Dictionary of Slavic Languages] (in Russian), volume 32 (*obžьnъ – *orzbotati), Moscow: Nauka, →ISBN, page 53