Reconstruction:Proto-Slavic/para

This Proto-Slavic entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-Slavic

Alternative forms

• *parъ

Etymology

Deverbal from *pariti, a secondary causative from *porěti (“to smolder”).

Noun

*pàra f

1. steam, vapour

Declension

Declension of *para (hard a-stem, accent paradigm a)

	singular	dual	plural
nominative	*para	*pàrě	*pàry
genitive	*pàry	*pàru	*pàrъ
dative	*pàrě	*pàrama	*pàramъ
accusative	*pàrǫ	*pàrě	*pàry
instrumental	*pàrojǫ, *pàrǭ**	*pàrama	*pàramī
locative	*pàrě	*pàru	*pàrasъ, *pàraxъ*
vocative	*pàro	*pàrě	*pàry

^* -asъ is the expected Balto-Slavic form but is found only in some Old Czech documents; -axъ is found everywhere else and is formed by analogy with other locative plurals in -xъ.
^** The second form occurs in languages that contract early across /j/ (e.g. Czech), while the first form occurs in languages that do not (e.g. Russian).

Derived terms

nouns

• *parina
• *popara

 

adjectives

• *parьnъ

 

Related terms

• *pariti (“to steam”)
  • *jьzpariti
  • *opariti
  • *popariti
  • *sъpariti
• *porěti (“to broil, to smolder”)
• *prěti (“to damp, to leaven”)

Descendants

• East Slavic:
  • Old East Slavic: пара (para), паръ (parŭ)
    • Belarusian: па́ра (pára)
    • Russian: пар (par)
      • → Kildin Sami: поарр (pårr)
      • → Komi-Zyrian: пар (par)
    • Ukrainian: па́ра (pára)
• South Slavic:
  • Bulgarian: па́ра (pára)
  • Macedonian: пара (para)
  • Serbo-Croatian:

    Cyrillic script: па̏ра

    Latin script: pȁra

  • Slovene: pȃra
• West Slavic:
  • Old Czech: pára
    • Czech: pára
  • Old Polish: para (“steam”)
    • Masurian: para (“steam”)
    • Polish: para (“steam”)
    • Silesian: para (“steam”)
  • Slovak: para
  • Sorbian:
    • Upper Sorbian: para

• Non-Slavic:
  • → Hungarian: pára

Further reading

• Vasmer, Max (1964–1973) “пар”, in Oleg Trubachyov, transl., Этимологический словарь русского языка [Etymological Dictionary of the Russian Language] (in Russian), Moscow: Progress
• Duridanov, I. V., Racheva, M., Todorov, T. A., editors (1996), “пара”, in Български етимологичен речник [Bulgarian Etymological Dictionary] (in Bulgarian), volumes 5 (падѐж – пỳска), Sofia: Prof. Marin Drinov Pubg. House, →ISBN, page 31